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软土在我国各地分布范围较广,特别在沿海地区更为广泛。软土的特点是含水量高、孔隙比大、压缩性高、强度低和透水性差,故在其上进行工程建设时,必须加以处理。加固地基的途径除换土而外,主要是通过物理和化学的措施以减少颗粒之间的孔隙,排除水分,或增强颗粒之间的胶结作用,以增强地基抗压、抗剪强度。下面介绍的是地基处理中比较经济、比较有效的几种方法。经过理论分析和现场观测,证明对减少施工后的沉降、提高地基强度,增加土体稳定性,效果都是显著的。有的加固体不仅可起桩的作用,同时又可对软土起排水固结作用,在整个面积上均匀地承受压力,这种桩体对土体滑动可起止滑桩的作用,而且由于土体强度的提高,原先采用深基的建筑现在可以采用浅基了。甚至对于已经倾斜的建筑物也可得到加固。地基的加固方法有多种多样,国外目前已有七、八十种,旧方法不断改进,新方法不断涌现,各有其优点,又各有其局限性,因此必须根据土质情况、建筑物特点,以及设备条件、施工能力等因地制宜地选择采用,并积极认真地进行研究和试验,以期进一步提高和完善。
Soft soils have a wide distribution throughout China, especially in coastal areas. Soft soil is characterized by high water content, large void ratio, high compressibility, low strength, and poor water permeability. Therefore, it must be dealt with when construction is performed on it. In addition to changing soils, the way to reinforce the foundation is mainly through physical and chemical measures to reduce the pores between particles, remove water, or enhance the cementation between particles to enhance the foundation’s compressive and shear strength. The following are some of the more economical and effective ways of dealing with foundations. After theoretical analysis and on-site observation, it was proved that the effect of reducing post-construction settlement, increasing foundation strength, and increasing soil stability was significant. Some added solids not only can act as piles, but also can act as a drainage consolidation to soft soils, and evenly withstand pressure over the entire area. Such piles can act as a non-slip pile due to the sliding of soil, and due to soil With the improvement of body strength, the original building with a deep foundation can now use a shallow foundation. Even reinforced buildings can be reinforced. There are various methods for reinforcing the foundations. At present, there are seven or eighty kinds of foreign methods. The old methods have been continuously improved and new methods have emerged. Each has its own advantages and has its own limitations. Therefore, it must be based on the soil conditions and characteristics of the buildings. , as well as equipment conditions, construction capacity, etc., were selected and adopted according to local conditions. Research and experiments were conducted earnestly and earnestly in order to further improve and improve.