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目的:了解上海地区婴儿母亲返岗工作及工作场所对母乳喂养的支持条件。方法:对上海市徐汇区和闵行区402位产后12～15个月的婴儿母亲进行问卷调查,对8位产后12个月的婴儿母亲进行个人深入访谈。结果:332位婴儿母亲在产后12个月前已返岗工作,返岗时间中位数为产后4.0个月,134位母亲由于返岗工作而停止母乳喂养。在198位返岗后仍继续母乳喂养的母亲中,15.7%的乳母工作6个月后仍能继续母乳喂养,83.3%的乳母能享受每天1 h的哺乳假,但该假对改善母乳喂养的实际帮助并不大;80.8%的乳母工作场所有冰箱可以存放乳汁,但乳母多半很难为哺乳或挤奶腾出时间、找到地方或携带工具;45.9%的母亲认为工作单位并非积极支持母乳喂养。结论:大部分婴儿母亲在产后12个月前已经返岗工作,多数因上班而停止母乳喂养;大部分婴儿母亲工作单位能遵守法定产假和哺乳假,仍有大部分工作单位缺乏支持母乳喂养的配套设施,缺乏支持母乳喂养的工作环境,因此亟待营造一个支持职业女性母乳喂养的工作环境。
Objectives: To understand the mothers returning to work in the area of Shanghai and workplace support for breastfeeding conditions. Methods: 402 mothers from 12 to 15 months postpartum in Xuhui District and Minhang District of Shanghai were surveyed, and 8 infants who were 12 months postpartum were interviewed in person. Results: A total of 332 infants returned to work 12 months postpartum, with a median return time of 4.0 months postpartum and 134 mothers stopped breastfeeding due to returning work. Of the mothers who continued breastfeeding after 198 returning, 15.7% of lactating mothers continued to breastfeed after 6 months of work, 83.3% of lactating mothers were able to receive 1 hour of breastfeeding per day, 80.8% of the nursing mothers work in a refrigerator where they can store their milk, but most of them find it hard to find time to breastfeed or milch their milk, 45.9% of mothers think the employer is not actively supporting breastfeeding. Conclusions: Most mothers of babies have returned to work 12 months before delivery and most stop breastfeeding due to work; most of the mothers in maternity leave are on statutory maternity and lactation leave, and most work units still lack support for breastfeeding Facilities and lack of a working environment that supports breastfeeding, there is an urgent need to create a working environment that supports working women in breastfeeding.