论文部分内容阅读
为分析广东省木薯主产区产量差的限制因素,找出缩减产量差的途径,调查广东省木薯主产区木薯种植管理情况,明确木薯各级产量差,从群体构建、养分管理、产投结构三方面分析产量差的主要限制因素。结果表明,木薯不同产量等级间产量差异显著,基于高产农户的产量差YGT、高产纪录的产量差YGB、模型模拟的产量差YGM分别为14.32,39.05,42.86 t/hm~2。木薯群体构建中,占总数25%的最低产农户(YL)平均种植密度和连作年数均明显高于其余农户;养分管理方面,最低产(YL)及中产农户(YM)肥料投入中N占比过高,P_2O_5、K_2O投入不足,尤其是K_2O用量及其配比极低,且二者基肥中N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量均远低于其余农户,追肥则表现为N投入过多、K_2O投入过少;现有管理水平下,N、P_2O_5、K_2O对产量差的贡献率分别为23.1%、22.2%、34.4%,仅6.02%~10.11%的农户施肥达到了高产高效水平;产投结构中,产量达到72.71 t/hm2时产投比最大,此后随产量增加,报酬递减,人工成本尤其收获成本是最大限制因素。针对以上分析,提出缩减木薯产量差的途径为合理密植,缩短连作年数,增施氮磷钾基肥,追肥时减氮增钾,加快研究高产高效施肥技术;推广全程机械化栽培管理。
In order to analyze the limiting factors of poor yield in the main producing areas of cassava in Guangdong Province and find out the way to reduce the yield difference, the status of cassava cultivation in the main producing areas of cassava in Guangdong Province was investigated. The yield of cassava was poor at all levels, from population construction, nutrient management, Structure analysis of three major yield-limiting factors. The results showed that the yield of cassava was significantly different among the different yield grades. Based on the yield difference YGT of high yielding farmers and the yield difference YGB of high yield records, the yield difference YMM of the model was 14.32,39.05,42.86 t / hm ~ 2 respectively. In the construction of cassava population, the average planting density and continuous cropping years of the lowest yielding farmers (YL) accounting for 25% of the total were significantly higher than those of the remaining farmers. In terms of nutrient management, the proportion of N in the minimum yield (YL) and middle-yielding (YM) Excessively high, P_2O_5 and K_2O were underinvested, especially the amount of K_2O and its proportion were extremely low, and the amount of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O in the two basal fertilizer was much lower than that of other farmers. The top dressing showed that N was overinvested and K_2O was put Less; under the current management level, the contribution rates of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O to the yield are 23.1%, 22.2% and 34.4%, respectively. Only 6.02% -10.11% of the farmers have achieved high yield and high efficiency fertilization; When the output reached 72.71 t / hm2, the production-to-investment ratio was the largest. Since then, as the output increased, the remuneration decreased. The labor cost, especially the harvest cost, was the most limiting factor. According to the above analysis, the ways to reduce the poor yield of cassava are put forward as follows: reasonable close planting, shortening the number of continuous cropping, increasing basal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, reducing nitrogen and increasing potassium when dressing, accelerating the research of high yield and high efficiency fertilization;