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本研究于1993～1994年在瑞典农业大学作物遗传育种研究所进行,旨在比较中国和欧洲甘蓝型和白菜型油菜品种的遗传差异;现有资源的基因丰富程度及基因多样性的分布规律,为科学地评价和合理地利用品种资源提供重要参考。我们分析了36个和41个来自中国、加拿大和欧洲国家的白菜型和甘蓝型油菜品种的7种同工酶的酶谱,用淀粉凝胶和醋酸纤维薄膜电泳在白菜型油菜中得到8个同工酶基因位点36个等位基因;甘蓝型油莱中得到12个基因位点32个等位基因。在此基础上进行基因多样性、遗传距离和聚类分析。试验结果表明: 1.白菜型油菜品种内个体间呈高度基因多态性,占总变异的70％左右;在甘蓝型油菜中,品种间的基因多样性占总变异的80％左右。 2.聚类和主成分分析表明中国和欧洲的白菜型油菜具有完全不同的遗传背景;欧洲白菜型的冬性和春性油菜又分属两大基因亚群。 3.甘蓝型油菜没有如此明显的地域界限,但欧洲冬性和春性油莱具有相对独立的遗传组成。大多数中国“双高”地方品种与欧洲、加拿大油菜表现出较大的遗传差异,而绝大多数中国“双低”品种界于中国“双高”和欧洲、加拿大品种之间。 据此,充分利用中国和欧洲、加拿大白菜型油菜及中国“双高”和欧洲、加拿大“双低”甘蓝型油菜基因于育种研究,无疑是扩大遗传背?
This study was conducted at the Institute of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Sweden Agricultural University from 1993 to 1994 in order to compare the genetic differences between Chinese and European cabbage and Chinese cabbage rape cultivars. The abundance of genetic resources and the distribution of genetic diversity in existing resources, It provides an important reference for scientific evaluation and reasonable utilization of variety resources. We analyzed the zymogram of seven isozymes from 36 and 41 Chinese cabbage and Brassica napus cultivars from China, Canada and European countries. We obtained 8 isozymes from Brassica campestris with starch gel and cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis 36 alleles of isozyme locus; 12 alleles of 12 loci were obtained from Brassica oleracea. On this basis, genetic diversity, genetic distance and cluster analysis. The results showed as follows: 1. There was a high degree of genetic polymorphism among individuals in B. napus cultivars, accounting for about 70% of the total variation. In B. napus, the genetic diversity among cultivars accounted for about 80% of the total variation. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that Chinese and European cabbage rape has a completely different genetic background. The European cabbage-type winter and spring rape belong to two major gene subgroups. 3. Brassica napus is not so obvious geographical boundaries, but Europe winter and spring sex oil Lai has a relatively independent genetic composition. Most Chinese “double high” local breeds show greater genetic differences with European and Canadian canola, whereas most Chinese “double low” breeds are between “double high” in China and European and Canadian breeds. Accordingly, taking full advantage of China and Europe, Canada, Brassica napus and China “double high” and Europe, Canada “double low” Brassica napus genes in breeding research, no doubt is to expand the genetic back?