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在水工隧洞中内水压力和外水压力(渗透动水压力)是作用于水工隧洞衬砌的主要荷载,内水压力的受力状态可按水力学的管流(有压隧洞)或明渠流(无压隧洞)的理论进行计算。至于渗透动水压力的确定方法,各家则有比较大的争论。有许多观点,至今还没有取得一致的看法,过去普遍是将渗透动水压力按静水压力处理,则把“势”力看成外力,再乘上一折减系数作为作用于衬砌上的外水压力,这种考虑不仅在概念上是不正确的,而且往往误差很大,为此,对隧洞围岩的渗流场特性及其作用于衬砌上的渗透动水压力
In the hydraulic tunnel, the internal water pressure and the external water pressure (permeating water pressure) are the main loads acting on the hydraulic tunnel lining. The force state of the internal water pressure can be either hydraulic flow (pressured tunnel) or open channel. The theory of flow (pressureless tunnel) is calculated. As for the method of determining the osmotic pressure, there is a relatively large number of arguments. There are many points of view that no consensus has been reached so far. In the past, it was generally considered that hydrodynamic pressure was treated as hydrostatic pressure. Then the “potential” force was considered as external force, and then a reduction factor was used as external water acting on the lining. Pressure, this consideration is not only conceptually incorrect, but also often has large errors. For this reason, the seepage field characteristics of tunnel surrounding rock and the permeable water pressure acting on the lining are considered.