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本文探讨了长期存在于闽北山区的一群病态稻田——发僵田的障害实质;发生分布特征及形成因素;最后总结阐明了有关其障害机制类型简明系统。本文的研究目的是为这类病田的正确施治提供实验根据,而其实际意义还涉及闽北高产稻田生态系统的创造与维护。研究结果表明,闽北稻绿型发僵是由土壤缺少有效磷,而稻黄型发僵是由土壤缺少有效硫、氮或强烈冷害引起的;这类病田是特球的地域性环境——土壤——土地利用管理体系作用下的必然产物。据发生片率(频率)、面率及成片度的调查分析,它们具有分布广泛而发生类型复杂特点,从而揭示了这类病田在闽北有着特别广泛的发生因素和复杂的障害组合。此类稻田对水稻生长的障害,可概括为存在于环境——土壤中的冷障、缺素与毒质的作用,及正常土壤生态平衡之破坏。有关后者的重要情况是土壤基质物理、水热状况和营养化学性质有严重缺陷,尤其是土壤碳、氮、磷和硫的含量和比值的失常。这一状态的产生根源是环境光热不足,水文状况复杂,土壤普遍贫瘠化;而落后的农田利用管理是其强有力的促成因素和稻发僵的“导火线”。作者根据各方面研究结果而拟订的僵田分类系统,包括了两大类四个亚型共11种。在最后总结中指出了综合施治的基础、中心环节及应急措施。
This paper explores the essence of the disorder of a group of diseased paddy field-fat fermented plant in long mountainous areas of northern Fujian, the distributional characteristics and formation factors, and finally concludes the concise system about the type of its fault mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to provide experimental evidence for the correct treatment of such diseases, and its practical significance also involves the creation and maintenance of high yielding paddy ecosystems in northern Fujian. The results showed that the paddy-green type of stiff northern Fujian is caused by the lack of available phosphorus in the soil, while the yellowish-paddy type is caused by the lack of available sulfur and nitrogen or the intense cold damage in the soil. - The inevitable product of soil-land use management system. According to the occurrence of sheet rate (frequency), area rate and sheeting degree of investigation and analysis, they have a wide range of distribution and the occurrence of complex types of characteristics, thus revealing this type of disease in northern Fujian has a particularly wide range of occurrence factors and complex barrier combinations. The damage to paddy rice in such paddy fields can be summarized as the cold barrier existing in the environment-soil, the effect of the deficiency and the poison, and the destruction of the normal soil ecological balance. The latter important case is that soil matrix physics, hydrothermal status and nutritional chemistry have serious shortcomings, in particular, soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur content and ratio disorders. This state is rooted in the lack of ambient light and heat, the complex hydrological conditions and the general impoverishment of soils. The backward management of farmland utilization is a powerful “trigger” for its strong contributing factors and stiffening of rice. According to the results of various aspects of the study, the author has formulated a classification system for the Hida, which includes 11 subtypes of two major types and four subtypes. In the final summary, we pointed out the foundation, the key links and the emergency measures of comprehensive treatment.