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在联合王国和其它发达国家,麻疹、百日咳和风疹的免疫遭到严重失败。英国麻疹免疫水平落后于部分第三世界国家,发病率和死亡率仍很高。英国每年有10～20名儿童死于麻疹,20年来死亡人数无明显改变。相反,在较大的多变国家美国,入学时免疫率达到98％,挽救了许多儿童的生命,净经济效益可达数十亿美元。在美国几乎消除了麻疹,如发生数例麻疹患者,立即受到学术界关注。在英国对百日咳菌苗的安全性尚有怀疑,故百日咳的免疫尤其困难。有些地区至今才重新达到20年前的接种率。风疹的情况亦不理想。选择性保护青春期女孩,不能消除先天性风疹综合征(CRS),消除本病的可用方法是对15月龄男女均接种腮腺炎、风疹、麻疹(MMR)混合疫苗。费用可能较大,但效
Immunization against measles, whooping cough and rubella has been a serious failure in the United Kingdom and other developed countries. The level of measles immunity in the United Kingdom lags behind that in some third world countries, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Every year 10 to 20 children die of measles in the UK, with no significant change in the number of deaths in 20 years. Conversely, in the larger, volatile country of the United States, the immunization rate at enrollment reached 98%, saving many children’s lives and net economic benefits of billions of dollars. Measles has almost disappeared in the United States, and in the case of measles cases, immediate attention has been drawn from academia. The safety of pertussis vaccine in the United Kingdom is still in doubt, so the immunity of whooping cough is particularly difficult. In some areas, the vaccination rate 20 years ago has only been reached again. The situation of rubella is also not ideal. Selective protection of adolescent girls, can not eliminate congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), the available method to eliminate the disease is 15-month-old men and women were vaccinated against mumps, rubella, measles (MMR). The cost may be larger, but effective