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目的了解2008-2014年西宁市0~14岁健康儿童麻疹免疫状况,为消除麻疹提供参考,并为制定免疫措施提供依据。方法每年随机选择西宁市的一个区(县),在0~岁、1~2岁、3~4岁、5~6岁、7~14岁年龄组随机抽取儿童各30名,7年共计抽取1 050名健康儿童的静脉血,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清麻疹IgG抗体。结果在采集的1 050份血样中阳性999份,阳性率95.14%,不同年龄组抗体阳性率分别为92.38%、94.29%、94.29%、98.10%、96.67%,各年龄组间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.96,P<0.05)。男性儿童、女性儿童抗体阳性率分别为94.41%、95.90%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=145.19,P>0.05)。常住儿童(98.34%)抗体阳性率高于流动儿童(75.17%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=145.19,P<0.05)。结论西宁市0~14岁健康儿童麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为95.14%,达到世界卫生组织西太平洋区消除麻疹队列人群免疫力95%的指标,建议继续提高麻疹疫苗的常规免疫接种率,尤其是流动儿童应强化免疫;同时继续加强麻疹监测,建立人群牢固的免疫屏障,最终阻断麻疹在人群中的流行。
Objective To understand the immune status of measles in healthy children aged 0 ~ 14 years in Xining from 2008 to 2014, to provide reference for eliminating measles and to provide evidence for the development of immunization measures. Methods One district (county) of Xining City was randomly selected every year. Thirty children were selected randomly from 0 to 1 year old, 1 to 2 years old, 3 to 4 years old, 5 to 6 years old and 7 to 14 years old group. Venous blood from 1 050 healthy children was tested for serum measles IgG antibody by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The positive rate of positive samples was 95.14% in 1 050 blood samples collected. The positive rates of antibodies in different age groups were 92.38%, 94.29%, 94.29%, 98.10% and 96.67%, respectively Significance (χ ~ 2 = 6.96, P <0.05). The positive rates of male and female children were 94.41% and 95.90% respectively, with no significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 145.19, P> 0.05). The positive rate of antibody in resident children (98.34%) was higher than that in migrant children (75.17%), with significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 145.19, P <0.05). Conclusion The positive rate of measles IgG antibody in healthy children aged 0 ~ 14 years was 95.14% in Xining City, which reached 95% of the immunity of measles cohorts in the WHO Western Pacific Region. It is suggested that the routine vaccination rate of measles vaccine should be further improved, Children should intensify their immunization; meanwhile, they should continue to strengthen measles surveillance and establish a solid immune barrier to the crowd, eventually blocking the spread of measles among the population.