On the Letters of Indemnity in Carriage of Goods by Sea

• 作 者: Richard Williams
• 机 构: Visiting Professor of Law Swansea University,UK,
• 出 处: 海大法律评论
• 发表日期: 2010年00期
• 关键词: circumstances liability acceptance deviation letters dated cargo party Carrier d

This article considers the circumstances in which letters of indemnity(LOI) are usually provided and comments on the use of LOI in relation to the delivery of cargo without surrender of original bills of lading,changes of destination/deviation,the releasing of clean or wrongly dated bills of lading,the use of switch bills of lading and the commingling of cargoes.The article also comments on the circumstances in which the acceptance of LOI is obligatory and the circumstances in which they can be refused even if offered—an issue which is important given the risks which the acceptance of LOI often entails.Lastly,the article comments on various practical issues which should be borne in mind by those giving or accepting LOI.

This article considers the circumstances in which letters of indemnity (LOI) are usually provided and comments on the use of LOI in relation to the delivery of cargo without surrender of original bills of lading, changes of destination / deviation, the releasing of clean or wrongly dated bills of lading, the use of switch bills of lading and the commingling of cargoes. the article also comments on the circumstances in which the acceptance of LOI is obligatory and the circumstances in which they can be refused even if offered-an issue which is important given the risks which the acceptance of LOI often entails. Lastly, the article comments on various practical issues which should be borne in mind by those giving or accepting LOI.