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作者前言: 利用计算机这一先进计算工具分析问题和解决问题,是青少年学习和掌握信息技术的一个重要方面。大家知道,少年体校是训练奥运金牌获得者的启蒙学校,而要获得智力奥赛的金牌,同样要从最基础的训练开始。信息学奥赛必须具备相应的数学知识和分析能力。这项活动重在思维能力的训练。对一个待解的问题,怎样切入,怎样抓住主要矛盾,怎样去找解决的办法,怎样对具体问题进行抽象,怎样构建出让计算机能够求解的数学模型,最后要将算法编写成计算机程序设计话言并上机调试通过,在得出运行结果之后,还要分析结果对还是不对,初解的速度够不够快,等等。在这一过程中,能够使初学者的思维得到全面的训练,动脑动手的能力得到提高。这个栏目的重点是讲解题的思路和算法。思路和算法是最重要的。为了将具体问题抽象为数学模型并找到算法,讲题的过程要用到一些图示,要做一些比喻,要将一些难讲的东西用浅显的文字表述出来,希望起到一种“引航”的作用,让初学者感到:入门不难,深造绝对办得到。我以为,学习任何东西,兴趣是第一位重要的,有了兴趣,还要有信心和恒心。信心要靠你自己采增强。当你学会编程解决一些难题的时候,你就会凭添成就感,兴趣盎然,信心倍增。程序设计实践性极强,只有边动手边动脑才能真正学会。这个栏日本着循序渐进的原则,用一个个难题的编程任务,由浅入深地介绍基本的算法和解题思路,只要你按照栏目的要求看懂学习内容并认真上机实践,就一定能够学会学好。祝你成功!
Author’s Foreword: Using computers as an advanced computing tool to analyze problems and solve problems is an important aspect of young people’s learning and mastering information technology. As we all know, the juvenile sports school is an enlightenment school for training Olympic gold medallists. To win the gold medal for the intellectual Olympics, it is also necessary to start with the most basic training. Informatics Orsay must have corresponding mathematical knowledge and analytical skills. This activity focuses on the training of thinking skills. For a problem to be solved, how to enter, how to grasp the main contradiction, how to find a solution, how to abstract the specific problem, how to build a mathematical model for the computer to solve, and finally write the algorithm into a computer program design. After the words have been debugged on the machine, after analyzing the results, it is still necessary to analyze whether the results are correct or not. The speed of the initial solution is not fast enough, and so on. In this process, the beginners’ thinking can be fully trained and their ability to move hands is improved. The focus of this section is to explain the ideas and algorithms. The ideas and algorithms are the most important. In order to abstract concrete problems into mathematical models and find algorithms, the process of the topic should use some icons, and some metaphors should be used to express some hard-to-speak things in plain text, hoping to play a “pilot”. The role of the beginners feels that it is not difficult to get started and that further studies can be done. I think that learning anything is of primary importance. If you are interested, you must have confidence and perseverance. Confidence depends on yourself. When you learn to program to solve some problems, you will have a sense of accomplishment, interest, and confidence. The practicality of program design is very strong. Only by using hands and brains can we really learn. In this column, Japan follows the principle of gradual and orderly progress. With a difficult task of programming, the basic algorithm and problem-solving ideas are introduced from the beginning to the end. As long as you understand the contents of the study and earnestly practice it, you can learn to learn . I wish you success!