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细胞内蛋白质翻译后需经多种修饰 ,以维持蛋白质正常的结构和生理活动。蛋白质的修饰受到严格的调节 ,即使对异常修饰的蛋白质 ,细胞可通过各种蛋白酶加以降解 ,因此不会对人自身造成损伤。有些蛋白经异常的翻译后修饰作用 ,可出现新的抗原表位而形成新的自身抗原 ,引致人体针对这些抗原的异常免疫应答 ,出现各种自身免疫病。文章列举与蛋白修饰有关的常见自身免疫病 ,及每种抗原的修饰方式。并以EAE、SLE和CIA等典型的自身免疫病为例 ,阐述蛋白修饰与自身抗原形成的关系 ,还初步探讨蛋白修饰诱导自身免疫的可能机制。
Intracellular proteins need to be modified after the translation in order to maintain normal protein structure and physiological activity. Protein modifications are tightly regulated so that, even for abnormally modified proteins, cells can be degraded by various proteases and therefore do not cause damage to humans. Some proteins by abnormal posttranslational modification, the emergence of new epitopes and the formation of new autoantigens, causing the body’s abnormal immune response to these antigens, a variety of autoimmune diseases. The article lists common autoimmune diseases associated with protein modifications and how each antigen is modified. Taking the typical autoimmune diseases such as EAE, SLE and CIA as examples, the relationship between protein modification and the formation of autoantigen was expounded. The possible mechanism of protein modification on autoimmunity was also discussed.