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(一) 前言 1981年7、8、9月份别在四川盆地、汉中、宝鸡地区、黄河上游发生了特大暴雨,给这些地区造成了严重的洪涝灾害。这三次大暴雨是属于同一天气形势下不同时期的降雨,只是暴雨的中心位置不同而已。就汉中地区而言,7月发生了两次降雨过程,其量级属一般暴雨,9月有较长时间的连阴雨,但强度不大,唯8月13日至23日暴雨强度较大、历时较长,笼罩面积大。汉中以上整个流域平均降雨量达504.8毫米,为实测记载的最大值,此次暴雨使汉中以上汉江干支流同时涨水,汉中及北岸支流洪水总量亦为实测最大值。汉江起源于汉中地区自西向东流。流域北面是秦岭山脉,南面以米仓山、大巴山与四川盆地为界。武候镇以西是山地,武候镇
(I) Preface In July, August and September 1981, there were heavy rainfalls in the Sichuan Basin, Hanzhong, Baoji areas and the upper Yellow River, causing severe flooding in these areas. These three heavy rains belong to different periods under the same weather conditions, but the center of the storm is different. In terms of Hanzhong area, there were two rainfall episodes in July, the magnitude of which was a general rainstorm. In September there was a long period of rainy days, but the intensity was not strong. However, the intensity of heavy rainstorms was large from August 13 to August 23, Long, large area. Hanzhong average rainfall throughout the basin amounted to 504.8 mm, the maximum recorded for the survey, the rainstorm Hanzhong Hanjiang up and down the dry tributaries at the same time, Hanzhong and North Bank tributaries of the flood is also measured the maximum. Han River originated in Hanzhong from west to east. Qinling Mountains to the north of the basin, south of Micangshan, Dabashan and Sichuan Basin as the boundary. Wu Wazhen west of the mountain, Wu Wa town