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本文通过对一批尚未被人引用的清代台湾中部民间契约文书的分析,就清代台湾开发过程中汉民与番民(即“平埔族”)的土地交易,归纳出四个特点。一、清代台湾汉番之间的土地承耕、承租,不能与我们平常所认知的大陆地区的租佃关系等同起来,出租土地的番民,从名义上是地主,但是他们往往处于弱势地位;二、开发期的台湾,租种者承耕的土地大多属于初垦或半熟状态,因此在租谷的交纳上需要工本费的折算,与大陆福建等地的地租交纳方式差异较大;三、由于经济及耕作技术上的优势,汉民承耕、承租番民的土地,经过若干年的产权更换交易之后,往往反客为主,番民的地主身份日益弱化,而汉民逐渐成为土地的实际主人;四、在清代台湾汉番土地交易中,番民一方以女性出头签订契约的现象比较突出,这与福建内地等汉民区域的习惯大相径庭。
Based on the analysis of a group of non-citing civil contract documents in central Taiwan of Qing Dynasty, this paper summarizes four characteristics of land transactions between Han people and Fan people (ie, “Pingpu ethnic group”) during the process of Taiwan’s development in the Qing Dynasty. . First, in the Qing Dynasty, the land between Taiwan and Hanfan was inherited and rented out. This can not be equated with the tenancy relations we commonly recognize in mainland China. The peasants who rented land were nominally landlords, but they were often disadvantaged In the period of development, in Taiwan, most of the cultivated lands owned by land renting tenure belong to the state of reclamation or semi-ripening. Therefore, the conversion of the labor cost is required for the renting of the renting land, which differs greatly from that of land renting in Fujian and other places in mainland China. Third, due to the economic and tillage technological superiority, the Han and Min dynasties inherit the land of the peasants and lease the land of the peasants. After several years of property rights exchange and trade, they often oppose the domination. The identity of the peasantry is increasingly weakened while the Han people gradually become the actual masters of the land. Fourth, in the Qing Dynasty in Taiwan Han Fan land transactions, the phenomenon of the signing of contracts by females over the females is quite prominent, which is quite different from the habit of the Han people in the hinterland of Fujian.