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病人自主已经取代父权主义成为现代生命法伦理学的首要原则,其内在属性表现为行动自由、真实、有效商议和道德反思。尊重病人自主的正当性并非取决于任何哲学家哲学论证的力度,相反,道德多元主义才是人们几乎无限尊重病人自主的主要推动力。主张病人自主具有至上地位并排除任何形式的医疗行善不利于保护病人的最佳利益,只有实现两者的有机结合才能真正提升病人自主。病人自主首先是个人的,但也是关系的。
Patient autonomy has replaced patriarchalism as the first principle of ethics of modern life law. Its intrinsic attributes are freedom of action, truthfulness, effective negotiation and moral reflection. Respect for the legitimacy of patient autonomy does not depend on the strength of any philosopher’s philosophical argument. On the contrary, moral pluralism is the main driver of people’s almost infinite respect for patient autonomy. Advocating a patient to have the supremacy of autonomy and excluding any form of medical practice is not conducive to the protection of patients’ best interest. Only by combining the two can we truly enhance patient autonomy. Patient autonomy is primarily personal, but it is also about relationships.