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目的了解吉林省近10 a来川崎病(KD)的发病、分布、流行特征及临床特点。方法由吉林省KD流行病调查协作组制定统一的KD流行病调查表,发至全省有儿科病床的县市级以上医院,对1999年1月1日-2008年12月31日住院的KD患儿进行填表调查。应用SPSS15.0软件进行统计学分析。结果调查表回收率93.75%,10 a间8个地区32家医院共报告确诊KD患儿577例。1999年为18例,而2008年达122例,确诊KD的病例数呈逐年增高趋势。男382例(66.2%),女195例(33.8%),男女之比为1.96 1;发病年龄为(2.67±2.37)岁(58 d～14岁),最大为14岁,5岁以下512例(88.73%)。发生冠状动脉病变后遗症者14例,占患者总数的2.4%,男女之比为3.67 1。发病年龄越小,心脏后遗症的发病率越高。后遗症以冠状动脉扩张为主。就诊距起病时间为(7.58±4.63)d。其中有4个少数民族共50例患儿,占8.7%。全年均可发病,其中5-7月份和11月份为发病高峰季节。急性期冠状动脉改变占63.26%;复发率占0.5%,急性期无死亡病例。结论吉林省KD发病率呈增高趋势。发病年龄和性别比例与以往报道略有差异。发病季节有夏季、冬季2个高峰,与美国、日本和国内一些地区报道的春夏两季高发及无明显的发病高峰不一致。
Objective To understand the incidence, distribution, epidemic characteristics and clinical features of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Jilin Province in recent 10 years. Methods A unified KD epidemiology questionnaire was developed by the Collaborative Group for KD Epidemic Investigation in Jilin Province. The questionnaire was sent to hospitals at or above the county level in the province with pediatric beds. KDs admitted to hospital from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2008 Children fill in a form investigation. Application SPSS15.0 software for statistical analysis. Results The questionnaire recovery rate was 93.75%. A total of 577 cases of children with KD were reported in 32 hospitals in 8 districts in 10 years. 18 cases in 1999, and up to 122 cases in 2008, the number of confirmed cases of KD showed an increasing trend year by year. There were 382 (66.2%) males and 195 females (33.8%) females with a ratio of 1.96 1. The age of onset was (2.67 ± 2.37) years (58 d ~ 14 years) (88.73%). 14 cases of sequela of coronary artery disease occurred, accounting for 2.4% of the total number of patients, the ratio of male to female was 3.671. The younger the age of onset, the higher the incidence of heart sequelae. Sequelae mainly to coronary artery dilatation. Treatment from the onset time was (7.58 ± 4.63) d. Among them, there are 4 minorities in 50 cases, accounting for 8.7%. The disease can occur throughout the year, of which 5-7 months and November is the peak season. Acute coronary artery changes accounted for 63.26%; recurrence rate of 0.5%, no deaths in acute phase. Conclusion The incidence of KD in Jilin Province is increasing. The age and sex ratio of onset is slightly different from previous reports. The onset season has summer and winter 2 peaks, which are inconsistent with the high incidence of spring and summer seasons as well as the peak without obvious incidence reported in the United States, Japan and some areas in China.