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一、历史现象及其成因有学者认为:应用文是处理公、私事务的实用性文章,不具艺术性。这种见解不无道理。自古以来,有些应用文确实不如文学作品流传广泛,专门研究应用文写作理论的著述也很少见。其原因是十分复杂的。一方面,古代私人应用文名篇佳作其实流传非常广泛,像书信、碑志、哀诔祭弔、传状、序跋等体裁,在后代辑纂的现今可见的历代文选、散文选中,占有很大比重,不胜枚举。另一方面,古代公务应用文如诏、策、敕、令、谕、书、疏、状、启、劄子、封事、表、议、移、檄等,也有重要地位,尽管有所流传却十分有限。例如,西汉末年刘向、刘歆父
First, the historical phenomenon and its causes Some scholars think: the application of the text is to deal with public and private affairs practical articles, not artistic. This kind of opinion is not unreasonable. Since ancient times, some applied essays do not spread as widely as literary works, and writings that specialize in applied essay writing theories are rare. The reason is very complicated. On the one hand, in ancient times, the best works of ancient private application of literary works have been widely circulated. The genres of letters, inscriptions, mourners, prequels, prefaces and postscripts are the most widely used in ancient times. Too numerous to mention. On the other hand, ancient official writings also have an important place in the application of texts such as imperial edict, policy, war, order, encyclical, book, sparse, form, enlightenment, jazi, seal, table, Very limited. For example, the late Western Han Liu Xiang, Liu Xin father