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本文以1986～1988年全国自然科学领域中县以上部门属全民所有制独立的研究与开发机构(以下简称“科研机构”)科技统计年报基础数据为素材,从减拨科学事业费的角度剖析我国近几年科技体制改革给科研机构带来的变化。一、科研机构的科技任务和经费正逐步由单纯靠国家切块分拨的行政管理办法,向多渠道获取的管理办法转变,科技经费有所增加。实行科技拨款制度的改革,是科技体制改革的关键性措施,目的是尊重价值规律,发挥经济杠杆作用,促使大部分科研工作面向经济建设的需要,以增强经济、技术的责任,产生具有主动适应生产和经济需要的内在动力,使科研机构在从事经济和社会服务中获取收益,取得各方面经费的支持,从而提高自我武装和自我发展的能力。1986～1988年全国减拨事业费的科研机构占全国科研机构的比例由30%上升至44%,人员比例由41%上升到57%,其中完全自立的机构(含成立时就无事业费的机构)占全国科研机构的比例由11%上升到17%。
In this paper, from 1986 to 1988 in the field of natural science in the county is more than departmental ownership of independent research and development institutions (hereinafter referred to as “scientific research institutions”) science and technology statistics annual report data as the material, from the perspective of science research to reduce the cost of our country near Several years of scientific and technological system reform to scientific research institutions brought changes. First, the scientific and technological tasks and funds of scientific research institutions are gradually being changed from the administrative measures that are obtained through multichannel access, with an increase in the funding for science and technology. The implementation of the science and technology funding system reform is a key measure for the reform of the science and technology system. The purpose is to respect the law of value, exert the economic leverage and urge most scientific research to meet the needs of economic construction so as to enhance economic and technological responsibilities, Production and economic needs so that scientific research institutions can benefit from their economic and social services and obtain funding support in all fields so as to enhance their ability to self-arm for self-development. From 1986 to 1988, the proportion of scientific research institutes that have reduced their work expenses in the whole country increased from 30% to 44% of the total number of research institutes in the country, and the ratio of personnel increased from 41% to 57%. Among them, completely self-supporting institutions Institutions) accounted for the proportion of national research institutes rose from 11% to 17%.