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目的 通过对2例具有代表性的动力性良性中央气道狭窄病例的临床特征、影像学、支气管镜检查的复习,提高临床医生对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析以气管软骨环病变为主的气管支气管软化症(TBM)病例和以气管膜部受损造成的过度动态气道塌陷(EDAC)病例各1例.结果2例患者均以中央气道狭窄、肺功能提示明显的“可逆性气道阻塞”为主要表现;TBM主要特点:胸部多层螺旋CT见气管、支气管壁“剑鞘样改变”,气道冠状位直径缩短;气管镜见气管、支气管管腔狭窄、黏膜肿胀、软骨环消失.胸部EDAC见气管、支气管壁呼气相气道横截面积明显减少,气道矢状位直径明显缩短.气管镜见软骨环清晰,呼气时膜部向管腔内突出,气道呈新月形改变.结论 动力性良性中央气道狭窄是临床少见疾病.CT检查是有效的筛查手段,最终的诊断需要支气管镜直视下观察诊断.“,”Objective To improve the knowledge on dynamic benign central airway stenosis through two typical cases. Methods The clinical features, imaging findings, and bronchial morphologic changes of two cases characterized by dynamic benign central airway stenosis were retrospectively analyzed. The etiologies for the two cases were tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) and excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC), respectively. Results Central airway stenosis and reversible airway obstruction were common clinical characteristics for the two cases. However, there were identifiable differences on imaging findings and bronchial morphologic changes between the two cases. Multidetector computed tomography showed sabre-sheath trachea and narrowed trachea in coronal position for TBM, while small sized trachea in exhalation phase and narrowed trachea in sagittal position for EDAC. Bronchoscopy displayed narrowed airway, swelling mucosa, and the absence of annular cartilage for TBM, while crescent airway with membranacea part protruding to lumen in inspiration phase, and the integrity of annular cartilage for EDAC. Conclusion Multidetector computed tomography and bronchoscopy examinations are valid methods to distinguish TBM and EDAC, which are both characterized by dynamic benign central airway stenosis.