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80年代初几乎所有的西方国家都对官僚主义国家机构开展了广泛的管理分散化。国家机关责权分散化的根本目的是提高主要领域不受市场机制作用和不能转让给私人经营的国有部门的管理效率。同时，为了进行最佳监督，传统上使用的生产要素（投入的资源）指标通常为最终成果指标所代
Almost all Western countries in the early 1980s carried out extensive decentralization of bureaucratic state institutions. The fundamental purpose of the decentralization of powers and responsibilities of state organs is to improve the management efficiency of the state-owned departments that are free from the market mechanism in their main areas and can not be transferred to the private sector. In the meantime, traditionally used elements of production (resources invested) are usually produced on the basis of final outcome indicators for best oversight