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目的：探讨正常乳牙列的生理间隙在３ ～５ 岁发育时期内的变化趋势、形成原因和生理意义。方法：采用逐年取研究模型的纵向研究方法，追踪观察４４ 例正常乳牙列儿童在３ ～５ 岁期间的牙列发育状况。并对研究模型生理间隙测量和记录，进行统计分析。结果：在３ ～５ 岁的发育阶段内，灵长类间隙的发生率略有升高；前牙的发育间隙发生率显著升高，而后牙的发育间隙发生率却显著降低。另外上牙列的灵长类间隙量略有增加，下牙列的灵长类间隙量略有减少，前牙的各发育间隙量有显著增加趋势，后牙的各发育间隙量有显著减少趋势。而各生理间隙在此期间内纵向发育变化有９ 种类型，但各间隙的主要显著发育类型不尽一致。结论：儿童乳牙列时期生理间隙的主要变化是一个联系广泛、多因素合力作用的过程，其变化对恒牙列的形成及正中牙合位的建立有一定生理意义。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change tendency, the reason of formation and the physiological significance of the physiological gap of normal deciduous dentition in the developmental period from 3 to 5 years old. METHODS: Longitudinal study of the study model was conducted annually to observe the dentition development of 44 normal children with dentition during 3 ~ 5 years old. And to study the model of physiological gap measurement and recording, statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of primate gaps increased slightly during the developmental period from 3 to 5 years old. The incidence of developmental gaps in anterior teeth increased significantly while the incidence of developmental gaps in posterior teeth decreased significantly. In addition, the amount of primate space in the upper dentition slightly increased, the amount of primate space in the dentition slightly decreased, the amount of each development gap of anterior teeth increased significantly, and the amount of each developmental gap of the posterior teeth decreased significantly . There were 9 types of longitudinal development of each physiological gap in this period, but the main types of significant development of each gap were not consistent. CONCLUSION: The main changes of physiological gap during deciduous dentition in children are a process with extensive and multi-factors synergistic effect. The changes have certain physiological significance on the formation of permanent dentition and the establishment of median occlusion.