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近年来苏联井巷掘进工程量很大,1976～1980年期间新井掘进各种井巷1825公里,其中竖井103公里,生产矿井共掘32000多公里各种巷道,平均每年掘进6400公里。井巷掘进机械化水平不断提高,新的井巷掘进机械与设备不断投入运转,不仅改善了井下作业条件,也加快了井巷掘进速度。如1976～1980年期间,配有BYKC-1M型钻架的井筒平均月进度比配手持风钻打眼的井筒高28％;而采用掘进机掘进的巷道的月进度较用装载机和钻装机掘进的巷道高出17％,工人劳动效率提高33％。现将苏联近年来在井巷掘进机械与施工装置的研制情况与趋势概述如下。 一、立井开凿机械与装置
In recent years, there has been a great amount of engineering works carried out in the Soviet Union. The new well bore 1825 kilometers of various shafts and tunnels during 1976-1980. Among them, the shaft was 103 kilometers in length and its production mines were digging more than 32,000 kilometers of various roadways and drilling an average of 6,400 kilometers per year. The mechanization level of tunnel excavation continues to improve. The new tunneling machinery and equipment are continuously put into operation, which not only improves downhole operating conditions but also accelerates the tunneling speed. For example, from 1976 to 1980, the average monthly progress rate of wellbores with BYKC-1M rigs was 28% higher than that of wells with wind-drilled holes. The monthly progress of tunnel boring with roadheaders was more progressive than that of loaders and drilling rigs Lanes are 17% higher and workers’ labor efficiency is increased by 33%. Now the Soviet Union in recent years tunneling machinery and construction equipment research and trend of development are summarized below. First, vertical shaft digging machinery and devices