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目的评估糖尿病患者参与健康自我管理前后认知与行为的改变,为在社区推广应用健康自我管理提供依据。方法进行社区动员招募糖尿病患者,对符合条件、自愿参与自我管理的患者以连续6周,每周1次的频率给予合理膳食、科学运动、糖尿病足等并发症、高(低)血糖急症以及负面情绪处理等知识和技能指导。在参加健康自我管理活动前后对所有患者进行问卷调查,采用χ2检验比较干预前后知识与行为的改变,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共招募到221名糖尿病患者参加健康自我管理活动,其中214例患者全程参加了自我管理,干预后患者对糖尿病并发症、防治措施、合理膳食、推荐运动量、推荐每人每日盐与食用油摄入量的知晓率均较干预前显著上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预后患者与医生沟通交流、掌握自我血糖监测与自我足部检查方法、综合性治疗、达到推荐运动量等的比例均较干预前明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康自我管理可以有效提高糖尿病患者认知水平与自我管理的能力,该干预措施应在社区进行广泛推广应用,从而有效地控制糖尿病。
Objective To evaluate the changes of cognitive and behavioral changes in patients with diabetes before and after participating in self-management of health so as to provide a basis for promoting healthy self-management in the community. Methods To mobilize patients with diabetes in community mobilization, eligible patients who voluntarily participate in self-management were given reasonable diet, scientific exercise, complications such as diabetic foot, high and low blood sugar emergency and negative Emotional processing and other knowledge and skills guidance. Before and after participating in the health self-management activities, all patients were surveyed by questionnaires, usingχ2 test to compare changes in knowledge and behavior before and after intervention, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results A total of 221 diabetes patients were enrolled in the health self-management activities. Among them, 214 patients participated in the self-management process. After the intervention, the patients’ diabetes complications, prevention and control measures, reasonable diet, recommended exercise, daily recommended salt and cooking oil (P <0.05). After the intervention, the patients communicated with the doctor, master self blood glucose monitoring and self-foot examination, comprehensive treatment, and reached the recommended exercise amount Were significantly higher than those before intervention, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Healthy self-management can effectively improve the cognitive ability and self-management ability of patients with diabetes. The intervention should be widely applied in the community to effectively control diabetes.