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本文用唯象方法,对井下不同深度处的记录资料进行分析,提出记录幅度随深度变化的对数模型。基本公式为: lg(NO/N)=α_Nh+β_Nlgh, lg(SO/S)=α_Sh+β_Sl_gh, lg((S/N)/(S_0/N_0))=(α_N-α_S)h+(β_N-β_S)l_gh。式中α、β表示介质吸收因子和阻抗因子。N、S分别表示噪音和信号,其角标零表示地面数值。h为自地面计起的深度。该模型有效地解释了哚音随深度的衰减、地震信号随深度的减弱以及信噪比随深度的增加现象。并且,本文结合实际资料给出黄土盖层、砂土盖层和基岩地层等几种类型场地的吸收因子α和阻抗因子β的数值。文中对单层对数模型进行了扩充和限制,即将单层模型扩充为多层模型,将垂直分量扩充为水平分量,同时对频率效应、哚音和信息的类型以及其强度等进行了讨论。文章最后,就深井观测的最佳经济深度震级改正和深度曲线的计算等应用问题的解决,提供一些建议。
In this paper, we use the phenomenal method to analyze the recorded data at different depths downhole and propose a logarithmic model of the change of the recorded amplitude with depth. The basic formula is: lg (NO / N) = α_Nh + β_Nlgh, lg (SO / S) = α_Sh + β_Sl_gh, lg (S / N) / (S_0 / N_0)) = (α_N- α_S) h + β_S) l_gh. Where α, β medium absorption factor and impedance factor. N and S denote noise and signal respectively, and the zero of the index indicates the ground value. h is the depth from the ground. This model effectively explains the decay of the acoustics with depth, the attenuation of the seismic signal with depth, and the increase of the signal-to-noise ratio with depth. In addition, this paper gives the numerical values of absorption factor α and impedance factor β for several types of sites such as loess caprock, sand cap rock and bedrock formation. In this paper, the single-layer logarithmic model is extended and limited. The single-layer model is extended to a multi-layer model, and the vertical component is expanded to a horizontal component. The frequency effect, the type of the sound and the information, and the intensity are also discussed. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to solve the application problems such as correction of magnitude of the best economic depth in deep well observation and calculation of depth curve.