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本文探讨20世纪中国法学发展的一个侧面,也可说是相当基本的一个层面,就是影响几近无远弗届的天演论对专业法律界世界观的冲击,以及冲击对移植西方法律的影响。“天演”一词滥觞于严复,但托赫胥黎之名,故必先疏理两者的落差。全文要旨可概括为三个命题:一、严复翻译赫胥黎的《进化与伦理》时,作了重要的观念转换,故变成严复自己创作的,以弱肉强食为要旨的天演论,与赫胥黎的原意几近南辕北辙。对近代中国思想界影响巨大的进化观,究其实是这套托赫胥黎与科学为名的弱肉强食天演论。二、严复的中国特色天演论,彻底摧毁作为中国传统法律文化基础的“正义之天”的观念。三、20世纪上半叶移植西方法律时,多忽略了西方的“正义之天”的根源。移来的法律既无西方的根,也欠本土的根,变成无根移植。
This article explores one aspect of the development of Chinese jurisprudence in the 20th century. It can also be said to be a very basic one. It is the impact on the world view of the professional legal world caused by the almost distant evolutionary act and the impact of the impact on the transplanting of Western law. “Star” “Yan speech in Yan Fu, but the name of Tohch Xu Li, it must first manage the gap between the two. The full text can be summarized as three propositions: First, Yan Fu translated Huxley’s ”Evolution and Ethics“, made an important concept conversion, it becomes Yan Fu’s own creation, to the law of the jungle evolution speech, and He The original intention of Xuli almost diametrically opposed. The evolutionary view that has had a huge impact on modern Chinese thought circles is actually the law of the jungle of Tohchuk and the law of the jungle. Second, Yan Fu’s Evolution Theory with Chinese Characteristics completely destroyed the concept of ”the sky of justice“ as the foundation of Chinese traditional law and culture. Third, when transplanting Western law in the first half of the 20th century, it mostly neglected the root causes of ”the sky of justice" in the West. There is neither a root nor a native root in the law that has been moved, and it becomes a rootless transplant.