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为研究小麦主要库、流、源器官与产量和品质的关系,分析评价其对产量和品质的影响,为小麦优质高产育种提供参考,首先分析旗叶、穗下节和籽粒与产量性状和品质特性间的相关性,然后以旗叶、穗下节和籽粒为自变量,以产量性状和品质特性为因变量进行多元回归分析。结果表明:(1)较大的旗叶面积是保证小麦产量和品质的前提;旗叶的长、宽和面积对产量均有促进作用,且旗叶宽较旗叶长对产量的影响更明显;旗叶宽与沉降值、面团稳定时间、面团形成时间和拉伸面积呈显著或极显著负相关,且较旗叶长对品质的影响更明显。(2)高秆品种,穗下第一节长/穗下第二节长与产量呈负相关,与品质呈正相关;矮秆品种,穗下第一节长/穗下第二节长与产量呈正相关,与品质呈负相关。无论是高秆还是矮秆,穗下第一节直径均与产量呈正相关,且在矮秆中的作用更显著;穗下第一节直径与籽粒蛋白质含量,湿面筋含量呈正相关,与沉降值、面团稳定时间和面团形成时间呈负相关。(3)粒厚对产量的作用最大,粒宽与粒长次之;粒长、粒宽和粒厚与小穗数、穗粒质量和千粒质量均为正相关;粒宽、粒厚与穗长和穗粒数呈负相关,且粒厚的负作用更大;粒长与籽粒容重呈极显著负相关,较粒宽和粒厚对籽粒容重的影响更明显;粒宽与籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、面团稳定时间和面团形成时间呈显著或极显著负相关,较粒厚对品质的负作用更大;粒长与除容重外的其他品质特性均呈显著正相关。小麦主要库、流、源器官与产量和品质间存在较为复杂的关系,通过协调各因素间的关系,可以达到源足、库大和流畅的要求,从而实现优质高产的育种目标。
In order to study the relationship between yield, quality and yield of main wheat banks, flow and source organ, the yield and quality of wheat were analyzed and evaluated to provide references for high-yielding and high-yield wheat breeding. The characteristics of flag leaf, Then the flag leaf, panicles and grains were used as independent variables, and the yield and quality characteristics were used as the dependent variables for multiple regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) The larger flag leaf area was the prerequisite to ensure the yield and quality of wheat. The length, width and area of flag leaf promoted the yield, and the effect of flag leaf width was more obvious than that of flag leaf length. ; Flag leaf width and sedimentation value, dough stability time, dough formation time and tensile area were significantly or very significantly negative correlation, and more than the flag leaf length on the quality of the more obvious. (2) There was a negative correlation between the length of the second long section under the ear and the second section of the ear under the ear, which was positively correlated with the quality. The short section, the first section under the ear, the second section under the ear and the yield Was positively correlated with negative correlation with quality. No matter tall stalk or short stalk, the diameter of the first section under the ear was positively correlated with the yield and the function was more significant in the dwarf. The diameter of the first section under the ear was positively correlated with the protein content and wet gluten content, , Dough stability time and dough formation time was negatively correlated. (3) The effect of grain thickness on grain yield was the greatest, and grain length and grain length were the second. Grain length, grain width and grain thickness were positively correlated with spikelet number, grain quality and grain weight per 1000 grains. Grain width, grain thickness and Spike length and grain number per spike were negatively correlated, and grain thickness had a greater negative effect. Grain length was negatively correlated with grain weight. Grain weight and grain thickness had a more significant effect on grain bulk density. Grain width and grain protein content , Wet gluten content, sedimentation value, dough stability time and dough formation time were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with the negative effect of grain thickness on quality; grain length and weight-bearing weight were significantly positive correlation with other quality characteristics. There is a complicated relationship between yield and quality of main pools, flow and source organ of wheat. By coordinating the relationship among various factors, the requirements of source, reservoir and flow can be met, so as to realize the breeding goal of high quality and high yield.