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目的 了解中小学生视力低下状况 ,探讨预防控制措施。方法 按城乡男女分组在本市 1 2所监测点校中随机抽取 2 74 1名中小学生进行视力检测 ,对所获数据进行流行病学统计分析。结果 2 0 0 2年黄山市中小学生视力低下率为 4 5 .82 % (1 2 5 6 /2 74 1 ) ,近视占视力低下学生数的 95 .94 % ,近视率 4 3.96 %。在年龄、性别、城乡、地区等方面差异均有非常显著差异 (P <0 .0 1 )。与 1 985年相比增加了 8.9个百分点 (χ2 =1 75 .6 0 ,P <0 .0 0 1 )。结论 学生视力低下具有相似的流行病学特征 ,长时间近距离学习是主要危害因素 ,应试教育模式的弊端和人们对掌握文化技能择业优势的功利追求 ,突显了学生学习与视力健康的矛盾。近视眼防治不是单纯的医学问题 ,更需要政府教育策略的调整
Objective To understand the situation of poor eyesight in primary and middle school students and to explore preventive and control measures. Methods A total of 2 741 primary and secondary school students were randomly selected from 12 boys and girls in urban and rural areas for visual acuity test. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by epidemiology. Results The prevalence of poor eyesight in primary and secondary school students in Huangshan City in 2002 was 45.82% (12.56 / 2 741). Myopia accounted for 95.94% of the students with low vision and myopia rate was 4.396%. There were significant differences in age, gender, urban and rural areas and areas (P <0.01). An increase of 8.9 percentage points compared with that of 1 985 (χ2 = 1.7575, P0.001). Conclusions Students with poor eyesight have similar epidemiological characteristics. Long-term short-term study is the main risk factor. The drawbacks of exam-oriented education and people’s utilitarian pursuit of mastering cultural skills and career advantages highlight the contradiction between student learning and sight health. Prevention and treatment of myopia is not a simple medical problem, but also need to adjust the government education strategy