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目的了解北京市沙门菌致病现状、发病特征,掌握沙门氏菌血清型别和耐药谱的变化。方法按病例定义采集初诊腹泻患者粪便标本,进行血清学检查和药敏试验。结果2008年夏季,6家医院检出38株沙门菌,阳性率4.83%(38/786);患者以中青年为主,男女性别比为1.9∶1,主要临床表现为腹泻、发热、恶心、呕吐。38株菌分布于11个血清型,最多的是肠炎沙门菌,其次是鼠伤寒沙门菌。所有菌株对头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟完全敏感,耐药性最高的是萘啶酸,耐药率达到了65.69%。结论沙门菌感染引起的腹泻具有较明显的特征,有助于提高检出率;耐药监测可对合理用药提供指导。
Objective To understand the pathogenicity and pathogenesis of Salmonella in Beijing, master the change of Salmonella serotypes and drug resistance spectrum. Methods According to the case definition, the stool samples of newly diagnosed diarrhea patients were collected for serological test and drug sensitivity test. Results In the summer of 2008, 38 strains of Salmonella were detected in 6 hospitals, with a positive rate of 4.83% (38/786). The patients were mainly young and middle-aged with a sex ratio of 1.9: 1. The main clinical manifestations were diarrhea, fever, nausea, Vomit. 38 strains distributed in 11 serotypes, the most is Salmonella enteritidis, followed by Salmonella typhimurium. All isolates were completely sensitive to ceftazidime, cefotaxime and cefepime, and the most resistant isolates were nalidixic acid, with a resistance rate of 65.69%. Conclusion Salmonella typhimurium infection caused by diarrhea has obvious characteristics, help to improve the detection rate; drug resistance monitoring can provide guidance for the rational use of drugs.