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我国国有企业来自于四个方面:产生于革命根据地和解放区的公营经济;没收官僚资本归新民主主义国家所有;通过全行业的公私合营,对民族资本主义工商业的社会主义改造;新中国政府在经济建设中通过国家投资创办的国有企业。1956年,我国基本上_.完成了生产资料的社会主义改造,建立了社会主义经济制度并进入全面建设社会主义的新时期。对国有企业,国家实行高度集中的指令性计划经济体制。企业只是完成指令性计划指标的生产单位(工厂或车间)。1978年,国有企业开始了历史性的变革,步入市场化取向的改革之路。
The state-owned enterprises in our country come from four aspects: the public economy that was born in the revolutionary base areas and the liberated areas; the confiscation of bureaucratic capital in the countries with new democracies; the socialist transformation of national capitalist industry and commerce through public-private partnerships across the industry; State-owned enterprises founded through state investment during construction. In 1956, our country basically completed the socialist transformation of the means of production, established the socialist economic system and entered a new era of building socialism in an all-round way. For the state-owned enterprises and the state, a highly centralized mandatory planned economy is implemented. The enterprise is just a production unit (factory or workshop) that completes the prescriptive plan. In 1978, state-owned enterprises began a historic change and stepped into the market-oriented reform road.