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由于民族文化间存在的必然差异。所以反映在言语行动中也有很大差别。例如“谢谢”一词,在一般的语用环境,中、俄两国人在使用该词时,功能效果是相同的,但在某些情景对话中,又是无法沟通的。俄罗斯人使用“谢谢”一词的频率和场合要大大高于中国人使用这一词,原因是俄国人在不同场合使用它时,都隐含着俄罗斯民族的文化背景,表达着不同的文化内容。 俄国人每餐用完之后必说“谢谢”。否则被视作对上帝不恭敬,对做饭人的劳动成果不尊重;应邀去明友家做客,做客完毕与主人告别前必说“谢谢”,否则被视为没有文化修养;下课时,学生一般要向老师致谢,感谢老师传授知识;教师在学生记分册上当面打分,无论分数高低学生一定要对老师说“谢谢”,否则被认为对老师所给成绩不满的无声抗议;在商店买完东西要谢谢售货员的服务;客人离开主人家时,主人要说“谢谢您赴邀”。上述语境使用的“谢谢”,在俄语都有很大功能,是人们在正常社会交际中必须使用的,说与不说标志着一个人懂与不懂做人的最起码的行为准则,否则被视为目不识丁的乡野村夫一般。而在汉语里问题并没有这么严重,有些场合干脆不用。中国的习惯是客人离开时,主人常说“有时间常来玩儿”或“招待不周,请多多包含”之类的谦恭之词,而俄语中邀请别人常来随便
Due to the inevitable difference between national cultures. So reflected in the speech act also have very big difference. For example, the word “thank you” has the same functional effect in general pragmatic environment and in Chinese and Russian. However, in some contextual dialogues, it is impossible to communicate. The reason why Russians use the word “thank you” is much more frequent and occasional than the Chinese people use because the Russians use it on different occasions, implying the cultural background of the Russian nation and expressing different cultural contents . The Russians must say “Thank you” after consuming each meal. Otherwise, he will be regarded as disrespectful to God and disrespectful to the fruits of the cook. He will be invited to visit the Mingyou House and say “thank you” before he finishes his farewell with his master. Otherwise, he will be regarded as having no cultural accomplishment. At the end of get out of class, Generally, teachers should be grateful to the teacher for their knowledge. The teacher will give a face-to-face vote on the student’s scorebook, regardless of grade. Students must say “Thank you” to the teacher or they will be regarded as silent protest against the teacher’s performance. When the store is finished Things to thank the salesman services; guests leave the host family, the owner should say “thank you for your invitation.” The “thank you” in the above context has great function in Russian and must be used by people in normal social communication. Saying or not denotes the minimum code of conduct that a person understands and does not understand; Regarded as unknown illiterate village husband general. The problem in Chinese is not so serious, some occasions do not need it. The habit of China is when guests leave, the host often say “have time to play” or “bad reception, please include a lot of” kind words of courtesy, and in Russian invites others often come and come