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目的了解北京市城区和郊区居民主要食品消费的观念和行为,并对城郊差异进行比较。方法2007年10—12月随机选择4个时间点(均为下午1时至5时),采用拦截调查的方式对287名到城区(朝阳区)某京客隆超市和307名到郊区(昌平区昌平镇)某美廉美超市购物的居民进行问卷调查,城区和郊区各调查2次。调查内容包括对象的一般情况及购买食品时考虑的因素、各类主要食品的消费观念和行为。结果93.1%的北京居民最常购买食品的地点是超市,47.8%和38.2%的居民分别将“是否安全卫生”和“对健康的影响”作为首要考虑的因素;郊区居民更多考虑“是否安全卫生”(55.0%),城区居民更多考虑“对健康的影响”(44.6%),城郊间首要因素的差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。北京市居民购买最多的鲜肉类是猪肉,城区居民购买“熟肉制品”和“冷冻包子、饺子等食品”的频率明显高于郊区居民,差别有统计学意义(P<0.001)。纯鲜牛奶和酸奶是北京居民消费最多的牛奶品种,仅有25.0%的居民经常饮低脂或脱脂牛奶,不饮低脂或脱脂奶的主要原因是“不喜欢口味”。只有13.6%的北京居民经常购买低钠盐,城区居民经常购买低钠盐的比例(23.0%)明显高于郊区(4.9%),差别有统计学意义(P<0.001),不买低钠盐的主要原因是“不知道有低钠盐”和“知道有,不知道有什么用”。北京市居民识别高脂肪、高胆固醇食物的能力仍然较低,分别有61.6%和42.3%的居民能识别动物内脏和猪肉胆固醇较高,仅有7.6%的居民知道植物油中脂肪含量最高。结论北京市居民的食品消费观念、食品消费行为和识别高胆固醇、高脂肪食品的能力仍普遍存在问题,需要加强有针对性的健康教育。
Objective To understand the concept and behavior of major food consumption in urban and suburban areas in Beijing and to compare the differences in suburban areas. Methods From October to December 2007, four time points were randomly selected (all from 1:00 to 5:00 PM). Interception investigation was used to investigate the effect of interception investigation on 287 children from a Kekelong supermarket to the urban area (Chaoyang district) and 307 from the suburbs District Changping Zhen) a United States Lianmei supermarket shopping survey, urban and suburban survey 2 times. Survey includes the general situation of the object and the factors considered in the purchase of food, consumer attitudes and behavior of all kinds of major food. Results Ninety-one percent of Beijing residents bought the foodstuffs most often at supermarkets, while 47.8% and 38.2% of residents considered “safety and health” and “health impact” as the primary factors, respectively; suburban residents had more Considering whether “health and safety” (55.0%), urban residents consider “the impact on health” (44.6%), and the difference between the primary factors in the suburbs of the city is statistically significant (P <0.01). The most fresh meat bought by Beijing residents was pork, and the frequency of urban residents buying “cooked meat products ” and “frozen buns, dumplings and other foods ” was significantly higher than that of suburban residents with a statistically significant difference (P <0.001 ). Pure milk and yogurt are the most consumed milk varieties in Beijing. Only 25.0% of residents regularly drink low-fat or skim milk. The main reason for not drinking low-fat or skim milk is “Do not like taste.” Only 13.6% of Beijing residents regularly purchased low-sodium salt, and urban residents often purchased low-sodium salt (23.0%) was significantly higher than the suburbs (4.9%), with a statistically significant difference (P <0.001) The main reason is “do not know have low sodium salt ” and “know there, do not know what use ”. Residents in Beijing still had a low ability to identify high-fat and high-cholesterol foods, with 61.6% and 42.3% of residents respectively identifying animal offal and pork as cholesterol. Only 7.6% of residents knew that fat content was the highest in vegetable oil. Conclusion The residents of Beijing are still having common problems with food consumption concept, food consumption behavior and the ability to identify high cholesterol and high fat foods, and need to strengthen targeted health education.