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60年前已证明屋尘可以导致变态反应。当时是对哮喘病人用屋尘浸出液做皮试,出现阳性反应而发现的。相关的变应原有多种,但认为最有意义的是动物的皮屑及屋尘螨。近二十年来,发现有两种螨最重要,即粉尘螨和屋尘螨。尘螨遍布于全世界,不同种类的流行致敏螨种决定于当地的气候条件。屋尘螨属近海分布种类,主要分布于北欧、新西兰、澳大利亚,粉尘螨属于大陆性分布种类,主要分布于北美、欧洲中部。在适宜的条件下,雌螨一生中产卵1～2次,共约20～40个卵,螨的寿命约4个月。实验室内,尘螨通常依靠蛋白质食饵生存,如人的皮屑、头发及一部分酵母菌。在住房环境中,床铺往往是最适宜的生长场所。因为床上有充足的蛋白质(人皮屑)供给,同时温度也很理想。此外,垫褥、厚绒家俱、地毯、都是螨的重要生活环境。影响螨生长的最关键的因素似为湿度。温度25℃、相对湿度70～80％是最适宜的条件。潮湿的家庭环境中,螨的含量较为丰富。在温和
It has been proven 60 years ago that house dust can cause allergies. At that time, it was found that the asthma patients used the leachate of house dust to do the skin test and the positive reaction appeared. There are many related allergens, but the most significant are animal dander and house dust mites. In the past two decades, two kinds of mites have been found to be most important, namely dust mites and house dust mites. Dust mites all over the world, different types of popular allergens mites depending on the local climate conditions. House dust mite is a coastal distribution of species, mainly distributed in northern Europe, New Zealand, Australia, dust mite belongs to the continental distribution of species, mainly in North America, central Europe. Under appropriate conditions, female mites spawn 1 or 2 times in their lifetime, a total of about 20 to 40 eggs, mites, life expectancy of about 4 months. In laboratories, dust mites usually rely on protein bait to survive, such as human dander, hair and a portion of yeast. In the housing environment, beds are often the most suitable place to grow. Because the bed is full of protein (human dander) supply, while the temperature is also ideal. In addition, mattresses, terry furniture, rugs, are important living environment mites. The most critical factor that affects mite growth is humidity. Temperature 25 ℃, relative humidity 70 ~ 80% is the most suitable conditions. Moist home environment, mites content is more abundant. In moderation