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目的了解新疆阿勒泰地区哈萨克族中学生自杀行为状况及其影响因素,为有针对性地采取有效的干预措施提供理论支持。方法以班级为单位,对阿勒泰地区20所学校的5 246名哈萨克族初中学生采用中学生心理健康量表、青少年自评生活事件量表、自杀行为问卷进行调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果哈萨克族初中学生在过去12个月内存在自杀意念的学生比例为12.75%,存在自杀计划占4.57%,存在自杀行动占2.94%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=460.72,P<0.01)。哈萨克族女生自杀意念、计划和行动的报告率均高于男生,且差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为46.291,37.695,5.836,P值均<0.05)。初三年级学生存在自杀意念的报告率均高于初二和初一学生,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.318,P<0.01)。单亲家庭学生自杀意念和计划的报告率均高于非单亲家庭,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),但在自杀行动方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。留守初中学生自杀意念、自杀计划和自杀行动3个方面的报告率均均高于非留守学生,但差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,与自杀行动有统计学意义的影响因素包括性别(OR=1.454)、强迫(OR=0.638)、抑郁(OR=3.689)、心理不平衡(OR=1.615)、受惩罚(OR=1.057)、其他压力(OR=1.054)(P值均<0.05)。结论阿勒泰地区哈萨克族中学生的自杀行为报告率与全国水平相当。应根据危险因素进行有针对性的干预,保障哈萨克族中学生身心健康发展。
Objective To understand the status and influential factors of suicide among Kazak high school students in Altay region of Xinjiang and to provide theoretical support for the targeted interventions. Methods A total of 5246 Kazak junior high school students from 20 schools in Altay Prefecture were investigated by using the questionnaire of middle school students’ mental health, self-rated life events scale and suicidal behavior questionnaire. The results were statistically analyzed. Results There were 12.75% of suicidal thoughts, 4.57% of suicides and 2.94% of suicides in Kazak junior high school students in the past 12 months. The difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 460.72, P <0.01) ). The reported rates of suicidal thoughts, plans and actions among Kazakh girls were higher than those of boys, and the differences were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 values were 46.291, 37.695, 5.836, P <0.05 respectively). The reported rate of suicidal ideation in the third grade students was higher than that in the second and the first grade students (χ ~ 2 = 9.318, P <0.01). The rates of suicidal thoughts and plans of single-parent families were higher than those of non-single-parent families, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01), but there was no significant difference in suicidal action (P> 0.05). The reported rate of suicidal ideation, suicide plan and suicide among left behind junior middle school students was higher than that of non - left - behind students, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing suicide actions were statistically significant (OR = 1.454), coercion (OR = 0.638), depression (OR = 3.689), psychological imbalance (OR = 1.057), other pressures (OR = 1.054) (all P <0.05). Conclusion The reporting rate of suicide among Kazakh high school students in Altay region is comparable to that of the national average. According to the risk factors should be targeted intervention to protect the healthy development of Kazak middle school students.