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锚杆通常是用来抵抗拔出荷载的,但在输电线路杆塔基础中,有时需用若干锚杆组成的群锚基础来承担上部结构传来的交变荷载,这时,锚杆可能受拉,也可能受压或水平荷载,还可能承受弯矩,对群锚在这种情况下的承载机理有必要作进一步的研究和探讨。本文分析了土层中群锚基础的锚杆承受不同荷载时的抵抗特性及其与岩土相互作用的机理,当群锚受到下压荷载作用时,由于锚与土具有不同的刚度,根据锚土的变形协调原理,查明了群锚在土中的工作原理及群锚的荷载传递方式,并指出了群锚在交变荷载作用时应注意的问题。分析结果表明:群锚基础可以用作输电线路杆塔基础。
Anchor bolts are usually used to resist pulling out loads, but in the foundation of transmission line towers, sometimes a group anchoring foundation consisting of several anchor rods is required to bear the alternating load transmitted from the superstructure. In this case, the anchor rods may be pulled. It may also be subjected to pressure or horizontal loads and may also be subjected to bending moments. It is necessary to further study and discuss the bearing mechanism of the group anchor in this case. This paper analyzes the resistance characteristics of rock bolts anchored by group anchors in soil layers and the mechanism of interaction with rocks and soils. When the anchors are subjected to compressive loads, the anchors and soils have different stiffnesses, depending on the anchors. The principle of deformation coordination of soil, the working principle of group anchors in the soil and the load transfer mode of group anchors were ascertained, and the problems that cluster anchors should pay attention to during the action of alternating loads were pointed out. The analysis results show that the group anchor foundation can be used as the foundation of transmission line towers.