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最近几年,由于可能的石油危机以及不断提高的环保要求,与国际上大多数国家一样,我国政府和各种投资机构加大了对环境友好材料的投入,特别是用可再生原料通过生物转化获得生物高分子材料或者单体,然后进一步开发各种应用产品。在聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)、生物乙醇(PE)、生物尼龙(PTT)、生物导电材料和聚氨基酸等材料方面,我国取得了长足的进步,同时形成了一批企业。在特种高分子材料方面,我国高校和企业合作,利用微生物转化得到了以苯环为基本结构的单体,正在开发一系列含苯的高性能材料。可以认为,在生物材料制造领域,我国与世界先进水平的差距不大,在一些方面,我们甚至是领先的。但是,一些相关的基础研究必须大力开展,否则生物材料领域还是无法与传统的石油基材料竞争。本文讨论了生物材料领域相关基础研究问题、进展及发展趋势。
In recent years, due to the possible oil crisis and rising environmental protection requirements, like most other countries in the world, our government and various investment institutions have stepped up their investment in environmentally friendly materials, especially through the process of bioconversion with renewable raw materials Get biopolymer materials or monomers, and then further develop a variety of applications. In the fields of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), bioethanol (PE), biological nylon (PTT), bioelectroconductive materials and polyamino acids, Great progress has been made and a number of enterprises have formed at the same time. In the special polymer materials, universities and enterprises in China, the use of microbial transformation has been based on benzene ring as the basic monomer, is developing a series of high performance materials containing benzene. It can be considered that in the field of biomaterials manufacturing, there is not much difference between our country and the advanced world level and in some aspects we are even leading. However, some relevant basic research must be vigorously pursued, otherwise the biomaterials industry still can not compete with the traditional petroleum-based materials. This article discusses the basic research issues, progress and trends in the field of biomaterials.