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中国传统经济体制的逻辑起点是重工业优先发展战略。由于重工业资本密集的特征与当时中国资本稀缺的资源禀赋状况形成矛盾，不可能依靠市场机制配置资源而推动重工业优先发展，因此就需要由政府出面，人为压低利率、汇率、能源和原材料价格及工资和生活必需品价格，以便降低重工业发展的成本，从而形成“三位一体”的经济体制：扭曲的宏观政策环境、高度集中的资源计划配置和毫无自主权的微观经营机制。本文对传统经济体制形成过程进行分析，以便对我国改革开放以来市场化取向突破口选择有更加深刻的认识。
The logical starting point of China’s traditional economic system is the heavy industry’s priority development strategy. Due to the contradiction between the heavy capital-intensive characteristics of China’s heavy industry and the resource endowments that were scarce in China at that time, it is impossible to rely on the market mechanism to allocate resources to promote the priority of heavy industry. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to reduce the interest rates, exchange rates, energy and raw material prices and wages And necessities of life in order to reduce the cost of heavy industry development, thus forming a “three-in-one” economic system: a distorted macro-policy environment, a highly centralized resource planning and allocation and an autonomy-free micro-management mechanism. This article analyzes the forming process of the traditional economic system in order to have a deeper understanding of the choice of market orientation in our country since the reform and opening up.