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目的了解吉林省延边贫困地区小学生营养状况,为改善贫困地区小学生营养提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对吉林省延边2个贫困县的1 979名一至六年级的小学生进行身高与体重测量,并评价营养状况。结果吉林省延边贫困地区小学生营养不良检出率为33.1%,超重率为5.0%,肥胖率为1.6%。男生营养不良率(38.4%)高于女生(36.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.04,P<0.05);朝鲜族、汉族小学生营养不良率分别为33.4%,32.0%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.426,P>0.05),与父母生活在一起和其他居住形态的小学生营养不良率分别为33.3%,34.7%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.157,P>0.05)。结论吉林省延边贫困地区小学生营养状况形势较为严峻。学校应加强对学生营养的监测及定期开展健康宣传教育工作,并制定相应的干预政策。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of primary school students in poverty-stricken areas in Yanbian, Jilin Province, and to provide reference for improving the nutrition of pupils in impoverished areas. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to measure the height and weight of 1 979 pupils in Grade 1 to Grade 6 in two impoverished counties in Yanbian, Jilin Province. Nutritional status was evaluated. Results The prevalence of malnutrition among poor pupils in Yanbian was 33.1%, the rate of overweight was 5.0%, and the rate of obesity was 1.6%. The rate of malnutrition in boys and girls was higher than that in girls (38.4% vs 36.8%, χ2 = 25.04, P <0.05). The rates of malnutrition in Korean and Han pupils were 33.4% and 32.0% respectively, with no statistic difference (Χ2 = 1.426, P> 0.05). The rates of malnutrition among primary school students living with their parents and other living forms were 33.3% and 34.7% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 2.157, P> 0.05). Conclusion The nutritional status of primary school students in Yanbian poverty-stricken areas in Jilin Province is rather grim. Schools should strengthen the monitoring of student nutrition and carry out regular health education activities and formulate appropriate intervention policies.