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目的探讨膳食模式和生活方式与结直肠癌发病的关系,为结直肠癌的预防提供科学的依据。方法采用病例对照研究设计,对青岛市3所三级甲等医院218例经病理学确诊的新发、原发结直肠癌患者及218例同期未患结直肠癌的医院和社区人群进行问卷调查。采用半定量食品频率问卷对研究对象进行问卷调查,利用SPSS 17.0探索性因子分析法确定病例组和对照组的主要膳食模式,利用多因素Logistic回归模型分析膳食模式与结直肠癌发病风险的关系。结果通过因子分析共得到5种不同的膳食模式,分别为健康膳食模式、水产奶类、酒肉类、西方膳食模式和高盐腌制类膳食模式。校正混杂因素后发现健康膳食模式、水产奶类膳食模式是结直肠癌的保护因素,且高分位组与低分位组相比患病率显著降低,OR值与95%CI值分别为0.393(0.154~0.762)、0.361(0.102~0.833),且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);酒肉类膳食模式、西方膳食模式及高盐腌制类膳食模式是结直肠癌的危险因素,且高分位组与低分位组相比患病率显著增加,OR值与95%CI值分别为1.842(1.233~3.150)、1.927(1.224~3.344)及2.019(1.134~4.148),且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康膳食模式、水产奶类膳食模式是结直肠癌的保护因素;酒肉类膳食模式、西方膳食模式及高盐腌制类膳食模式是结直肠癌的危险因素。可通过健康教育的方式,提出相关的措施来促进健康饮食习惯,进行合理的饮食管理,预防结直肠癌的发生。
Objective To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and lifestyle and the incidence of colorectal cancer and provide a scientific basis for the prevention of colorectal cancer. Methods A case-control study was designed to survey 218 newly pathologically confirmed primary colorectal cancer patients and 218 hospital and community-based colorectal cancer-free subjects in 3 tertiary level hospitals in Qingdao City . The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate the subjects. The main dietary patterns of cases and controls were determined by exploratory factor analysis (SPSS 17.0). The relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of colorectal cancer was analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression model. Results A total of five different dietary patterns were obtained through factor analysis, which were healthy dietary patterns, aquatic milk, alcoholic meat, western dietary patterns and high salinity dietary patterns. Correction of confounding factors found that healthy dietary patterns, aquatic milk dietary patterns are protective factors of colorectal cancer, and the high-grade group compared with the low-bit group, the prevalence was significantly lower, OR and 95% CI were 0.393 (0.154 ~ 0.762) and 0.361 (0.102 ~ 0.833), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The dietary patterns of alcoholic meat and meats, Western dietary patterns and high salinity dietary patterns were the risk factors of colorectal cancer, The odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were 1.842 (1.233 ~ 3.150), 1.927 (1.224 ~ 3.344) and 2.019 (1.134 ~ 4.148) respectively in the high-grade group and the low- There was statistical significance (P <0.05). Conclusions Healthy dietary patterns and dietary patterns of aquatic milk are the protective factors of colorectal cancer. The alcoholic-meat dietary patterns, Western dietary patterns and high salt-preserved dietary patterns are the risk factors for colorectal cancer. Through the way of health education, put forward relevant measures to promote healthy eating habits, reasonable diet management, prevention of colorectal cancer.