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镧系元素错综复杂的能级,使直接实验的方法只能得到第一电离势和部分第二电离势,温元凯等用Born—Harber热化学循环的计算得到了第三电离势。J.Sugar和J.Reader在大量光谱数据的基础上,采取半经验计算的方法,成功地计算了镧系元素的第一、二、三、四、五电离势。按照J.Sugar和J.Reader的计算,镧系元素第二、三、四、五电离势可写为
Lots of intricate levels of lanthanides, so that direct experimental method can only get the first ionization potential and part of the second ionization potential, Wen Yuan Kai and other Born-Harber thermochemical cycle calculated the third ionization potential. Based on a large number of spectral data, J. Sugar and J. Reader successfully calculated the first, second, third, fourth and fifth ionization potentials of lanthanides based on semi-empirical calculations. According to calculations by J. Sugar and J. Reader, the second, third, fourth, and fifth ionization potentials of lanthanides can be written as