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目的 2013年5-6月份,延边朝鲜族自治州(简称延边州)4个县市发生了一起麻疹暴发疫情,被迅速及时控制,为总结经验并对麻疹疫情进行预防控制,进行防制分析。方法对疑似出疹性病例,在发病3 d左右采集2~3 ml标本血样以及咽拭子,采用ELSA法进行麻疹IgM和风疹IgM血清学检测,采用PCR方法进行病原学检测。结果实验室检查麻疹IgM抗体阳性,病例当中最终确诊为麻疹病例的31例,排除病例10例,确诊率为75.61%。结论 (1)确诊病例中有免疫史的只有5例,其他为无免疫史或免疫史不详,2岁以下儿童病例为19例,占确诊病例3/5以上。8月龄以上儿童没有及时接种疫苗,导致发生暴发疫情。(2)由于大年龄组人群的麻疹抗体滴度已经下降到比较低的水平,没有形成有效的免疫屏障,导致疫情暴发。
Objective From May to June 2013, an outbreak of measles outbreak was reported in 4 counties and cities of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (Yanbian Prefecture), which was quickly and timely controlled. In order to sum up experience and carry out prevention and control of measles epidemic, we carried out prevention and control analysis. Methods For cases suspected of rash, blood samples of 2 ~ 3 ml and throat swabs were collected at about 3 days after onset. Serological tests of measles IgM and rubella IgM were carried out by ELSA, and etiological tests were performed by PCR. Results Measles IgM antibody was detected in laboratory. Among the 31 patients with measles cases finally diagnosed, 10 cases were excluded, and the diagnosis rate was 75.61%. Conclusions (1) There are only 5 cases of confirmed cases of immune history, the other non-immune history or history of immunization is unknown, 19 cases of children under 2 years of age, accounting for more than 3/5 confirmed cases. Children over eight months of age did not receive timely vaccination, resulting in an outbreak. (2) As the measles antibody titer in the older age group has dropped to a relatively low level, no effective immune barrier has been formed, resulting in outbreak of the outbreak.