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本文从氧气顶吹转炉炼钢过程的能量平衡出发,阐述了转炉煤气形成机理。从转炉出来的煤气温度高于1600℃,一氧化碳含量高达90％。为其利用,人们进行过长期反复的研究。在引用氧气顶吹炼钢法初期,是将产生的转炉煤气送入完全燃烧式锅炉入口,使其烧尽以产生蒸气。尔后,为简化煤气除尘过程,逐步采用了转炉煤气部分燃烧工艺。也就是在缩短了的部分燃烧锅炉里使转炉煤气的显热得到利用,而化学能尚未烧失。蒂森钢铁公司为提高能量回收率并减少环境污染,开发了此项转炉煤气回收新技术。其基本特点是:在原有锅炉上增大了对流部分,以尽可能产生最大量的蒸气;为有效地除掉细粒粉尘,而建立了一套完整的由汽化冷却装置和静电除尘器组成的干式除尘系统,为尽可能最大量地回收煤气,还建立了一个高速输送、转换和贮存煤气的系统。与采用这项现代化措施以前的情况相比,新系统具有以下优越性: (1)由于转炉煤气得到回收和利用,同时还产生出大量的蒸气,且用于煤气冷却和除尘的水电消耗也较低,因而节省了能量; (2)由于使用静电除尘器,而提高了除尘效率,加之还有一套新的二次除尘装置作补充,因而更有利于环保。而采用粉尘压块工艺,那笔用于粉尘处理的很高的费用就可全部免掉。本文第一部分将论及转炉煤气回收利用的基本可能性,接着介绍迄今为止转炉煤气处理技术的发展情况;第二部分主要介绍布洛克豪森氧气顶吹转炉车间转炉煤气处理的新装置。
Starting from the energy balance of BOF steel making process, the formation mechanism of BOF gas is expounded. The temperature of the gas coming out of the converter is higher than 1600 ° C and the carbon monoxide content is as high as 90%. For its use, people have conducted long-term and repeated research. In the early days of making reference to oxygen top-blowing steelmaking, the resulting converter gas was fed to the inlet of a complete combustion boiler to burn it out to generate steam. Later, in order to simplify the gas dust removal process, the partial combustion process of converter gas was gradually adopted. That is to say, the sensible heat of the converter gas is utilized in the shortened part of the combustion boiler, and the chemical energy has not been lost. Thyssen Steel has developed the converter gas recovery technology to increase energy recovery and reduce environmental pollution. Its basic features are: to increase the convection part of the original boiler to produce the maximum amount of steam as possible; in order to effectively get rid of fine-grained dust, and established a complete set of vaporized cooling device and electrostatic precipitator Dry dust removal system, in order to maximize the recovery of gas, but also to establish a high-speed transport, conversion and storage of gas system. The new system has the following advantages over the previous case when this modernization measure was adopted: (1) Since the converter gas is recovered and utilized, a large amount of steam is generated at the same time, and the electricity and water consumed for gas cooling and dust removal are also more Low, thus saving energy; (2) due to the use of electrostatic precipitators, and improve the dust removal efficiency, combined with a new set of secondary dust removal device as a supplement, which is more conducive to environmental protection. The use of dust briquetting process, that for the high cost of dust treatment can be completely removed. The first part of this article will discuss the basic possibilities for the recovery and utilization of converter gas, followed by a brief account of the development of converter gas processing technology to date. The second section will focus on the new gas converter plant for the Brockhausen OZT converter plant.