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目的了解铜陵市学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题现状及其影响因素,为制定相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采取整群随机抽样法,抽取铜陵市11所幼儿园2 408名学龄前儿童的父母进行调查,内容包括一般情况调查表、长处和困难问卷(SDQ)(父母版)。结果获得有效问卷2 184份。SDQ困难总分和5个因子异常检出分别是252人(11.5%)、1 052人(48.2%);男童的困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能、同伴交往问题、亲社会行为得分高于女童(P<0.05);各年龄组儿童的SDQ困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能、同伴交往问题和亲社会行为得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,儿童情绪和行为问题的危险因素有:父亲吸烟半包以上、性别是男童、胎儿窘迫、非核心家庭。母亲本科及以上文化程度是保护因素。儿童年龄越小发生情绪和行为问题的风险越大。结论铜陵市学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题发生率较高,应进行针对性的早期干预。
Objective To understand the current situation and the influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children in Tongling City and provide the basis for formulating the corresponding interventions. Methods A total of 2 408 preschool-aged children from 11 kindergartens in Tongling City were surveyed by cluster random sampling method. The questionnaires included general survey, strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) (parent version). Results A total of 2 184 valid questionnaires were obtained. The total score of SDQ and 5 factors were 252 (11.5%) and 1 052 (48.2%), respectively. The boys’ total difficulty score, conduct problems, hyperactivity failure, peer interaction, prosocial behavior The scores of SDQ difficulty, behavior problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, peer interaction problems and pro-social behavior scores of children in all age groups were significantly different (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors of children’s emotional and behavioral problems were: father smoked half a pack or more, sex was boy, fetal distress, non-core family. Mother’s degree or above is a protective factor. The younger the child, the greater the risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Conclusion There is a high incidence of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children in Tongling City, and targeted early intervention should be carried out.