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[目的]探讨长期低浓度苯接触的遗传损伤作用。[方法]采用气相色谱法检测和评价工作场所空气中苯浓度;对苯接触组116人和对照组62人进行血常规检测、外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析以及微核率检测。[结果]工作场所空气中苯浓度为<0.033~1.898 mg/m3,低于我国苯职业接触限值[时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-TWA)=6 mg/m3;短时间接触容许浓度(PC-STEL)=10 mg/m3)]。苯接触组白细胞计数为(4.70±1.02)×109/L,低于对照组(6.58±1.61)×109/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且与苯接触工龄呈负相关(r=-0.993,P<0.01);苯接触组和对照组染色体畸变率和微核率相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且均与苯接触工龄呈正相关(r=0.289、0.616,P<0.01),与白细胞计数呈负相关(r=-0.306、-0.645,P<0.01)。[结论]长期低浓度苯接触可造成细胞遗传损伤。
[Objective] To investigate the genetic damage of long-term low-concentration benzene exposure. [Method] The concentration of benzene in the air of the workplace was detected and evaluated by gas chromatography. Blood samples were detected in 116 benzene-exposed and 62 control subjects, and chromosomal aberrations of peripheral blood lymphocytes and micronucleus rate were detected. [Results] The concentration of benzene in the air of the workplace was <0.033-1.898 mg / m3, lower than the occupational exposure limit of benzene in China [PC-TWA = 6 mg / m3] -STEL) = 10 mg / m3)]. The leukocyte count in benzene exposure group was (4.70 ± 1.02) × 109 / L, which was lower than that in control group (6.58 ± 1.61) × 109 / L, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01) r = -0.993, P <0.01). The differences of chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate in benzene exposure group and control group were statistically significant (P <0.05), and were positively correlated with benzene exposure length (r = 0.289 , 0.616, P <0.01), and negatively correlated with leukocyte count (r = -0.306, -0.645, P <0.01). [Conclusion] Exposure to long-term low-concentration benzene can cause cytogenetic damage.