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疾病史视野中的江南是一个疾病丛生的区域。无论是乡村,还是城镇,许多传染病都存在或者盛行。传染病在这个区域的散发、暴发或者流行,与该区域特殊的地理环境,尤其是独特的水环境息息相关。就农村而言,稻田、桑田的广泛耕种,广泛施用的粪肥,以及与水紧密联系的生活方式,提供了疾病生存和盛行的良好土壤。在城镇,环境卫生不良,饮水卫生更不容乐观,同样为疾病提供了生存条件。与此同时,贫民、难民的存在,带来了严重的疾病隐患,成为一个严重的社会问题。从疾病生态的角度重新考量近代江南的历史,江南富裕、繁荣的历史背后却是以民众的健康、生命为巨大代价的。
Jiangnan in the field of disease history is a disease-ridden area. Whether in rural areas or towns, many infectious diseases exist or prevail. The spread, outbreak or epidemic of infectious diseases in this area is closely linked with the special geographical environment in the region, especially the unique water environment. In rural areas, extensive cultivation of paddy fields and mulberry fields, widespread use of manure, and lifestyles in close contact with water provide good soil for the survival and prevalence of diseases. In cities and towns, sanitation is poor and drinking water hygiene is even less optimistic, providing the same living conditions for the disease. At the same time, the existence of the poor and refugees has brought about a serious disease risk and has become a serious social problem. From the perspective of disease ecology, we reconsider the history of modern Jiangnan. Behind the prosperous history of the south of Yangtze River lies the enormous cost of people’s health and life.