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针对潜在蒸散发量估算方法众多但缺乏统一评价的问题,基于海河流域46个国家气象站点1960~2010年日气象数据序列,以Penman-Monteith方法估算量和蒸发皿蒸发量为基准,从估算量与蒸发皿蒸发量的相关性、年均值空间变化特征、年内四季空间变化特征和年际变化趋势四个方面,开展六种基于温度和空气动力学的潜在蒸散发量估算方法及Penman-Monteith法在海河流域的适用性讨论。结果表明,PenmanMonteith方法在整个流域适用性较强;六种基于温度和空气动力学的方法中,Kaharrafa方法和Blaney-Criddle方法在多年均值和年际变化趋势上估算效果较好,但在年内四季分布上却不太好,Penman和Rower方法在多年均值和年内四季分布方面适用性较强,但估算的年际变化趋势与蒸发皿蒸发量不一致。由于各方法考虑的气象因子及各因子对估算量的影响程度不同,基于温度和空气动力学方法仅考虑单一气象要素,只能反映某一方面的变化。
Based on the meteorological data of 1960 to 2010 in 46 national meteorological stations in the Haihe River basin and based on the Penman-Monteith method and pan evapora- tion, a large number of estimation methods of potential evapotranspiration are lacking. And the evapotranspiration of the pan evaporation, the annual average spatial variation characteristics, four seasons of the year and the interannual variation trend of the four aspects, to carry out the six methods based on temperature and aerodynamics potential evapotranspiration and Penman-Monteith method Applicability Discussion in Haihe River Basin. The results show that the Penman Monteith method has a good applicability in the whole basin. Among the six methods based on temperature and aerodynamics, the Kaharrafa method and Blaney-Criddle method are better than the Blaney-Criddle method in estimating annual and interannual variability. However, However, Penman and Rower methods are more applicable in the multi-year mean and the four seasons of the year, but the estimated interannual trend is inconsistent with the pan evaporation. Because the meteorological factors considered by each method and the influence degree of each factor on the estimation amount are different, only a single meteorological factor is considered based on the method of temperature and aerodynamics, which can only reflect the change of one aspect.