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晚清国人经济观念的演变,总体上有一个从内陆走向海洋的趋向。其具体情形大致经历了三个阶段两次鸦片战争期间的感性认识,从洋务运动到甲午战争期间的明确认识,甲午战后至清末的成熟认识。关于晚清海洋经济观念产生的原因,从内因上看乃我国对外贸易本身的长足发展,这可以从关税的迅速增长看出;外因则是西方海洋经济的冲击。而就其影响而言,从经济的角度说无外乎自然经济逐步瓦解,商品经济日渐发展,二者之间相互作用,是互动的关系。但是如果从文化的角度看则可发现,海洋经济观念的发展对晚清文化的西化、进化起着十分巨大的作用。中西冲突表现在经济上是海洋经济与内陆经济的对撞,结果我国的主体经济——自然经济分崩离析,日驱式微。经济西化了,建构在之上的文化西化当然不可避免。
In the late Qing Dynasty, the evolution of the economic concept of the Chinese people generally had a tendency to go from the inland to the oceans. The specific situation has generally experienced the perceptual knowledge of the two stages of the Opium War in three stages, the clear understanding from the Westernization Movement to the Sino-Japanese War, the mature understanding of the Sino-Japanese War and the late Qing Dynasty. The reasons for the emergence of the concept of marine economy in the late Qing Dynasty are, from an internal point of view, the rapid development of China’s foreign trade itself, which can be seen from the rapid growth of tariffs; the external factor is the impact of Western marine economy. As far as its impact is concerned, no matter from an economic point of view, it is nothing less than a gradual collapse of the natural economy and a growing commodity economy. The interaction between the two is an interactive one. However, if viewed from a cultural perspective, it can be found that the development of the concept of marine economy plays a huge role in the westernization and evolution of the late Qing culture. The conflict between China and the West is manifested in the economic collision between the marine economy and the inland economy. As a result, the main economy of our country - the natural economy collapses and the Japanese are dwindling. Westernization of the economy, built on the cultural westernization of course, inevitable.