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一引言随着祖国大规模经济建设的进行,电弧銲也大量地应用到近代化工业建设上去。它的发展速度及在工业中所起的作用,都是很大的。例如在1953年,我国新建的阜新火力发电厂,在整个鍋爐按装工程中,没有一个铆钉;其他大型金属结构工程,也都普遍地採用了电銲方法,代替了铆接。这是技术上一个重大的改革;特别是推行了蘇联的短弧銲接、多条銲接、和自动銲接等先进经验之後,更使电銲技术在大量工程建议上发挥了巨大的作用。如鞍鋼和第一汽车制造厂的房架金属结构结构工程,用电銲比用铆接节省了三分之一的人工,而且还减轻了结构26％的重量。目前不僅在金属结构和造船工业中,銲接已几乎代替了铆接;就是在机器制造业中,在许多情况下銲接也代替了鍛和鑄。直到现在,銲接的这种发
I. INTRODUCTION With the advent of large-scale economic development in the motherland, arc welding is also applied in a large amount to the construction of modernized industries. Its speed of development and its role in industry are great. For example, in 1953, the newly-built Fuxin thermal power plant in China did not have a rivet in the entire boiler installation project. Instead, other large-scale metal structure projects also adopted the welding method instead of riveting. This is a technically significant reform. In particular, the introduction of advanced experience in the Soviet Union, such as short arc welding, multiple welding, and automatic welding, has made welding technology a tremendous contribution to numerous engineering proposals. For example, in Angang Steel and First Automobile Works, the structural metalworking of the frame has saved one-third of the labor on welding by riveting and also reduced the weight of the structure by 26%. Welding has almost superseded riveting, not only in the metal construction and shipbuilding industries, but also in machine construction, in many cases welding instead of wrought and cast. Until now, welding this hair