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对于一直靠经验施肥的大豆主产区黑龙江省鹤山农场来说,精确量化氮磷钾肥对大豆产量及产量性状的影响,可科学指导当地施肥,为作物模型参数本地化提供依据。设计了氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)肥3要素5水平共25个处理的正交试验,经2010～2011年小区试验,通过多因素方差分析的方法,得到以下结论:(1)N肥是影响大豆产量的主导因子,大豆产量随施N量的增加先增加后减小,施N 140kg/hm2时产量达到最大,为2 883kg/hm2。(2)N肥和K肥是影响结荚数的主导因子,结荚数随着施N量和施K量的增加而不断增加,结荚数最多的施N量和施K量分别为180kg/hm2和60kg/hm2。(3)N肥和P肥是株高的主导影响因子,株高随着施N量的增加先增加后减小,但随施P量逐渐增加。施N和施P分别为100kg/hm2和120kg/hm2时达到最高。(4)百粒重随施N量的增加先增加后减少。
For the Heshan Farm in Heilongjiang Province, which is the main soybean producing area, which has been empirically fertilized, the accurate quantification of NPK fertilizers on soybean yield and yield traits can guide the local fertilization scientifically and provide the basis for the localization of crop model parameters. The orthogonal experiment of 25 treatments including 3 levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers was designed. Through the plot test from 2010 to 2011, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) N fertilizer is the dominant factor affecting the soybean yield. The yield of soybean firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of N application rate. The yield of N fertilizer reaches the maximum of 2 883 kg / hm2 at N 140 kg / hm2. (2) N fertilizer and K fertilizer were the main factors affecting the pod number. The pod number increased with the increase of N and K application rates. The N and K application rates with the highest pod numbers were 180 kg / hm2 and 60kg / hm2. (3) N fertilizer and P fertilizer were the main influence factors of plant height. The plant height firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of N application rate, but increased gradually with the application of P fertilizer. Shi N and Shi P were 100kg / hm2 and 120kg / hm2 reached the highest. (4) The percentage of 100 kernel weight increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate.