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旨在探索N、P、K肥料对紫色小麦籽粒灌浆特征及产量形成的影响,为其高产潜力发挥提供理论和技术支撑。以紫色小麦品种贵紫1号、贵紫4号为试验材料,设置不同的N、P、K肥料处理方式进行田间试验,采用Richards方程分析其灌浆动态和灌浆参数。结果表明,贵紫1号和贵紫4号的单位面积穗数、单穗质量、单穗粒质量、千粒质量和单位面积产量的变异范围分别为:208万~322万个/hm2和133万~205万个/hm2,1.88~3.37 g和2.85~3.00 g,1.38~2.00 g和1.76~2.36 g,30.27~42.13 g和37.33~48.93 g,3 612.90~4 780.20 kg/hm2和3 346.10~4 407.45 kg/hm2。2个品种的氮磷钾处理(NPK)分别比对照(CK)增产32.31%和27.91%。拟合Richards方程的决定系数R2均大于0.99,配合度高,2个品种均属源限制类型;与NPK处理相比,缺氮区(PK)的起始生长势、最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率均有所提高,灌浆活跃期延长,达到最大灌浆速率的时间提前;缺磷区(NK)的起始生长势提高、灌浆活跃期延长,最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率降低,提前达到最大灌浆速率;缺钾(NP)时,最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率降低,提前达到最大灌浆速率。此外,在缺氮和缺磷情况下,紫色小麦灌浆启动早,中、后期灌浆持续时间长;缺钾时,灌浆启动慢、持续时间长,中、后期持续时间短。
The purpose is to explore the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on grain filling characteristics and yield formation of purple wheat and to provide theoretical and technical support for its high yield potential. Purple wheat varieties Guizi 1 and Guizui 4 were used as experimental materials, and different treatments of N, P and K fertilizer were set up to conduct field experiments. The filling dynamic and grouting parameters were analyzed by Richards equation. The results showed that the variation range of panicle number, panicle weight, panicle grain weight, grain yield per unit area and grain yield per unit area of Guizi 1 and Guizui 4 were respectively 2.08 ~ 3.22 million / hm 2 and 133 Million to 2.05 million / hm 2, 1.88 to 3.37 g and 2.85 to 3.00 g, 1.38 to 2.00 g and 1.76 to 2.36 g, 30.27 to 42.13 g and 37.33 to 48.93 g, 3 612.90 to 4780.20 kg / hm 2, The NPK treatments of 4 407.45 kg / hm2.2 cultivars increased 32.31% and 27.91% of the CK respectively. The R2 of fitted Richards equation was greater than 0.99, and the two cultivars were all of the same source-restricted types. The initial growth potential, maximum filling rate and average filling rate of nitrogen deficiency zone (PK) The active period of grain filling prolonged and the time to reach the maximum grain filling rate was advanced. The initial growth potential of phosphorus deficiency zone (NK) increased, the active period of grain filling prolonged, the maximum filling rate and average filling rate decreased, reaching the maximum filling rate ; When potassium deficiency (NP), the maximum filling rate and average filling rate decreased, reaching the maximum filling rate ahead of schedule. In addition, under the conditions of nitrogen deficiency and phosphorus deficiency, purple wheat grain filling started early, middle and late grain filling duration longer; when potassium deficiency, grain filling started slowly, lasting for a long time, and the duration of the middle and late period was short.