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碘是机体必需的微量元素,是甲状腺素合成的主要原料。碘缺乏不仅引起甲状腺肿,而且影响人的生长、发育,特别是智力的发育。因此,人们称碘为“人体绝对必需的生命微量元素”。一、碘的主要代谢途径碘广泛存在于食物中,动物性食品含碘量高于植物,尤以海产品含量最为丰富,某些沿海地区,仅水中的碘已可满足人体需要。 (一)碘的需要量碘的生理需要量,成人每日至少50微克才能满足合成甲状腺激素的需要。少于40微克/日时,缺碘性甲状腺肿广泛流行,摄入量达到100微克/日时,则很少发病或不发病。一般正常情况下,每人每日补充的适宜量为150微克。500～900微克/日时属于高碘,易发生碘致甲状腺肿。青少年生长发育期、妇女月经期、妊娠和哺乳期对碘的需要量增多(160～200微克/
Iodine is an essential trace element of the body, is the main raw material for thyroxine synthesis. Iodine deficiency not only causes goiter, but also affect human growth, development, especially intellectual development. Therefore, people call iodine “trace elements of life absolutely necessary.” First, the main metabolic pathway of iodine Iodine is widely found in food, animal foods contain more iodine than plants, especially seafood is the most abundant, in some coastal areas, only the water of iodine can meet the needs of the human body. (A) the need for iodine physiological requirements of iodine, adults at least 50 micrograms per day to meet the needs of synthetic thyroid hormone. Less than 40 micrograms / day, iodine-free goiter widely prevalence, intake of 100 micrograms / day, then little or no disease. Under normal circumstances, the daily amount of supplement for each person is 150 micrograms. 500 ~ 900 micrograms / day belongs to high iodine, iodine-prone goiter. Adolescent growth and development, women’s menstrual period, pregnancy and lactation on the iodine needs increased (160 ~ 200 micrograms /