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对状语从句的分析和理解是高三总复习的一个重点。英语状语从句分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。统计近五年的高考英语试题及各地的模拟试题可以看出，每套试题平均有：时间状语从句9个，条件状语从句6个，让步状语从句5个，原因和地点状语从句各3个，目的状语结果状语和比较状语从句各2个。同时试题的设问程度出现交叉和综合的特点。四个选项中往往给出尽可能多的不同性质的关联词，如as可以引导时间、原因、让步三种不同性质的状语从句，while可以引导时间状语从句也可作并列连词使用，相当于but表转折关系，if可以引导条件状语从句和宾语从句，whether可以引导主语从句和宾语从句等等。干扰项还从定语从句或名词性从句进行干扰。下面就高考英语试题或高考英语模拟试题中所出现的状语从句进行分析。
一、时间状语从句
1．when, while和as
1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
如：When Ilived there, Iused to go to the seashore on Sundays.
When the film ended, the people went back.
当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引出的省略句来代替when引导的从句。
如：As a young man (=When he was a young man）, he was fond of hunting.
2）while引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须是持续的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比，同时while引导的从句一般用进行时。
如：Please do not talk so loud while others are working.
While Iwas wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place.
3) as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。
如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
John sings as he works.
4) when还可用作并列连词使用，其意义是“那时、这时”，相当于and this/that time.常用于下列句式：
Somebody was doing something when…
Somebody was about to /going to do something when…
Somebody had just done something when…
此外when还表示原因“既然”。
如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.
5) while作为并列连词使用，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
如：He likes pop music, while Iam fond of folk music.
6)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while ,as.可互换使用。
如：When/While/ As Iwas walking down the street, Icame across an old friend of mine.
2. as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…, once
这些从属连词或副词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
如：Once you remember it, you will never forget it.
The moment Iheard the voice, Iknew father was coming.
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
还要注意no sooner… than…, hardly/scarcely…when…这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when的从句中谓语应用一般过去时，此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
如：Ihad hardly got home when it began to rain.
Hardly had Igot home when it began to rain
3.till, until和not…until
1)肯定句：主句谓语动词必需是延续性动词，主句从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间才停止”。
如：He remained there until she arrived. 他一直留到她来。
You may stay here until the rain stops.你在这里呆到雨停。
2)否定句：主句谓语动词必需是非延续性动词，从句是肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。
如： He will not go to bed till (until) she returns.
3)Till不可以放在句首，而until可以放在句首。
如：Until you told me Ihad no idea of it.
4) not… until句型中的强调和倒装说法。
It was not until you told me that Ihad any idea of it. (强调句型)
Not until you told me did Ihave any idea of it.(not until置于句首主句要倒装）
4． before和since
1)若表达还未“……就……”，“不到……就……”，“……才……”，“趁，还没来得及”时，需用连词before。
如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天才看到陆地。
We had not run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了不到一英里他就累了。
Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在还没忘记把他它记下来。
Before Icould get in a word, he had measured me.我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸
before从句中谓语一般不用否定形式，如：Before they reached the station, the train had gone.他们到火车站前，火车已开走了。
2）It will be +一段时间+before somebody does,“多久之后才……”。
如：It will be half a year before Icome back.一年以后我才回家。
It will not be long before we meet again.不久我们又会见面。
3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词或者是反复发生的动作。Since从句的动作若是一般过去时，那么主句的时态应该是完成时或现在写成进行时。
如：Ihave written home four times since Icame here.自从我到这里来，我住家写了四封信。
She has been working in this factory since she left school.自从她离开学校以来，就一直在这家工厂工作。
4)在It is +时间+since从句句型中，时间的计算一般从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。
如：It is three years since the war broke out.战争爆发以来，有三年了。
5)every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……”。
如：Every /Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我有困难时，他总来帮助我。
二、地点状语从句和原因状语从句
1.地点状语从句
1）引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可放在主句之前或之后，表示抽象条件的含义时，从句要放在句首。
如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竞成。
Where there is smoke, there is a fire.无风不起浪。
2）注意区分由where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别：
You had better make a mark where you have any questions. (状语从句)
You had better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.（定语从句）
2．原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that,每个连词的含义不完全相同。
如：—Why are you absent from the meeting?
—Because Iam ill.
As it is raining , we shall not go to the park.
Now that/Since everybody is here, Let’s begin our meeting.
其它表示原因的方式：
除了状语人名以外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。
三、目的状语从句和结果状语从句
1.目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。
in order that与so that
两个连词意为“以便……，为了……”，引导的状语从句中常用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
如：I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
for fear that , in case与lest
这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即：(should)+动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that… not…或in order that… not…
如：The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
2.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：
so that, so…that, such… that.
在非正式文体中，由so…that…, such… that…引导的句子中that可以省略，但要注意其结构形式：
so +形容词/副词+ that从句
so +形容词+ a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句
so + many/much/few/little +名词+ that从句
such + a/an +形容词+可数名词的单数形式+that从句
such +形容词+复数名词形式/不可数名词+that从句
such + a lot of /lots of +名词+that从句
如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.= Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
注意：当so或such放在句首时，主句用倒装语序，如：So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
除结果状语从句以外，too… to… (太……而不能……)，enough to… (达到某种程度可以……)，so… as to… (那么……以致于……)等不定式西方结构同样可以表示结果，
如：He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus.= He got up too late to catch the bus.= He got up so late as to miss the bus.
四、条件状语从句和方式状语从句
1.条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless (=if… not)（除非），so (as) long as (只要)，in case (万一)，on condition that (条件是)， suppose/supposing (假设，用于文句)，provided that等。
如：You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
= if you don’t study hard, you’ll fail the exam .
2.方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though等。
方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的方式状语从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所讲的情况很可能实现时，也可用陈述语气。
如：Do as you are told to, or you’ll be fired.
五、让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：
1)although/though (尽管，虽然)，even though/even if (即使).although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。
如：He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.
Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
注：though还可以作副词使用，意为：可是，然而，放在句末。
如：He said he would come; he didn’t, though.
他说他会来的，可是他没来。
2)as引导让步状语从句要倒装
as从句一般放在主句之前，要用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首.若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。
如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他还是个孩子，他却懂得很多。
3)whether… or (不管……，还是……)；疑问词+ever与no matter +疑问词（不管……，无论……）。
如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
Whatever (= No matter what )you said, he won’t believe you.
Whoever you are (= No matter who you are), you must obey the rules.
注：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever等还可以引导名词性从句。
六、状语从句中的紧缩现象
1.时间状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：
Don’t speak until spoken to有人对你说话时你才说。
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦被看见，它便不会被忘记。
While in Beijing, Ipaid a visit to the Summer Place.在北京时，我参观了颐和园。
Pressure can be reduced when needed.必要时压力非唯心减。
Iprefer my milk a little sweet whenever possible.
可能的话，我喜欢牛奶甜点。
He was a swimmer when a child.他小时侯就是一名游泳运动员。
She always sings while doing her work.她干活时总唱歌。
2.条件状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：
Come tomorrow if possible.可能的话就明天来吧。
If so, you must get back and get it.如果这样的话，你必需把它拿来。
I’ll buy a TV set if necessary.如有必要我们就买一台电视机。
He has no money, if any, he will give us.他没有钱，如果有他会给我们的。
If in need, don’t hesitate to ask me for money. 如要钱，不必犹豫，向我要就是了。
The girl never give in unless wrong.这女孩不会屈服的，除非她错了。
Unless repaired, the machine is of no use.这台机器如不修便毫无用处。
3.方式状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：
Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order) to sleep.有些花夜间收拢，好象为了睡眠一样。
The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though (she was ) angry.这位女教师匆匆茫茫离开教室，好象生气了。
Jane seemed as if (she was) good at everything.琼好象擅长一切。
4.其它状语从句的紧缩形式：
Though cold, he still wore a shirt.天气虽然冷，但他还穿一件衬衣。
The man, while (he is ) well over eighty. Can walk faster than I.这人虽然年过八十，却比我走得快。
Being blind(= As he was blind), he couldn’t see anything.他瞎了，什么东西也看不见。
Fill in the blank with articles where necessary. 在需要的地方填上冠词。
总之，只要我们具备全面的状语从句知识，掌握每个从属连词的语义和语用特征，正确分析具有一定逻辑关系的分句之间的“逻辑链”，我们就能完全掌握各种形式的状语从句的用法。
一、时间状语从句
1．when, while和as
1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
如：When Ilived there, Iused to go to the seashore on Sundays.
When the film ended, the people went back.
当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引出的省略句来代替when引导的从句。
如：As a young man (=When he was a young man）, he was fond of hunting.
2）while引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须是持续的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比，同时while引导的从句一般用进行时。
如：Please do not talk so loud while others are working.
While Iwas wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place.
3) as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。
如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
John sings as he works.
4) when还可用作并列连词使用，其意义是“那时、这时”，相当于and this/that time.常用于下列句式：
Somebody was doing something when…
Somebody was about to /going to do something when…
Somebody had just done something when…
此外when还表示原因“既然”。
如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.
5) while作为并列连词使用，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
如：He likes pop music, while Iam fond of folk music.
6)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while ,as.可互换使用。
如：When/While/ As Iwas walking down the street, Icame across an old friend of mine.
2. as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…, once
这些从属连词或副词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
如：Once you remember it, you will never forget it.
The moment Iheard the voice, Iknew father was coming.
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
还要注意no sooner… than…, hardly/scarcely…when…这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when的从句中谓语应用一般过去时，此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
如：Ihad hardly got home when it began to rain.
Hardly had Igot home when it began to rain
3.till, until和not…until
1)肯定句：主句谓语动词必需是延续性动词，主句从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间才停止”。
如：He remained there until she arrived. 他一直留到她来。
You may stay here until the rain stops.你在这里呆到雨停。
2)否定句：主句谓语动词必需是非延续性动词，从句是肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。
如： He will not go to bed till (until) she returns.
3)Till不可以放在句首，而until可以放在句首。
如：Until you told me Ihad no idea of it.
4) not… until句型中的强调和倒装说法。
It was not until you told me that Ihad any idea of it. (强调句型)
Not until you told me did Ihave any idea of it.(not until置于句首主句要倒装）
4． before和since
1)若表达还未“……就……”，“不到……就……”，“……才……”，“趁，还没来得及”时，需用连词before。
如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天才看到陆地。
We had not run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了不到一英里他就累了。
Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在还没忘记把他它记下来。
Before Icould get in a word, he had measured me.我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸
before从句中谓语一般不用否定形式，如：Before they reached the station, the train had gone.他们到火车站前，火车已开走了。
2）It will be +一段时间+before somebody does,“多久之后才……”。
如：It will be half a year before Icome back.一年以后我才回家。
It will not be long before we meet again.不久我们又会见面。
3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词或者是反复发生的动作。Since从句的动作若是一般过去时，那么主句的时态应该是完成时或现在写成进行时。
如：Ihave written home four times since Icame here.自从我到这里来，我住家写了四封信。
She has been working in this factory since she left school.自从她离开学校以来，就一直在这家工厂工作。
4)在It is +时间+since从句句型中，时间的计算一般从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。
如：It is three years since the war broke out.战争爆发以来，有三年了。
5)every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……”。
如：Every /Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我有困难时，他总来帮助我。
二、地点状语从句和原因状语从句
1.地点状语从句
1）引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可放在主句之前或之后，表示抽象条件的含义时，从句要放在句首。
如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竞成。
Where there is smoke, there is a fire.无风不起浪。
2）注意区分由where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别：
You had better make a mark where you have any questions. (状语从句)
You had better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.（定语从句）
2．原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that,每个连词的含义不完全相同。
如：—Why are you absent from the meeting?
—Because Iam ill.
As it is raining , we shall not go to the park.
Now that/Since everybody is here, Let’s begin our meeting.
其它表示原因的方式：
除了状语人名以外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。
三、目的状语从句和结果状语从句
1.目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。
in order that与so that
两个连词意为“以便……，为了……”，引导的状语从句中常用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
如：I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
for fear that , in case与lest
这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即：(should)+动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that… not…或in order that… not…
如：The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
2.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：
so that, so…that, such… that.
在非正式文体中，由so…that…, such… that…引导的句子中that可以省略，但要注意其结构形式：
so +形容词/副词+ that从句
so +形容词+ a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句
so + many/much/few/little +名词+ that从句
such + a/an +形容词+可数名词的单数形式+that从句
such +形容词+复数名词形式/不可数名词+that从句
such + a lot of /lots of +名词+that从句
如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.= Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
注意：当so或such放在句首时，主句用倒装语序，如：So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
除结果状语从句以外，too… to… (太……而不能……)，enough to… (达到某种程度可以……)，so… as to… (那么……以致于……)等不定式西方结构同样可以表示结果，
如：He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus.= He got up too late to catch the bus.= He got up so late as to miss the bus.
四、条件状语从句和方式状语从句
1.条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless (=if… not)（除非），so (as) long as (只要)，in case (万一)，on condition that (条件是)， suppose/supposing (假设，用于文句)，provided that等。
如：You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
= if you don’t study hard, you’ll fail the exam .
2.方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though等。
方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的方式状语从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所讲的情况很可能实现时，也可用陈述语气。
如：Do as you are told to, or you’ll be fired.
五、让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：
1)although/though (尽管，虽然)，even though/even if (即使).although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。
如：He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.
Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
注：though还可以作副词使用，意为：可是，然而，放在句末。
如：He said he would come; he didn’t, though.
他说他会来的，可是他没来。
2)as引导让步状语从句要倒装
as从句一般放在主句之前，要用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首.若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。
如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他还是个孩子，他却懂得很多。
3)whether… or (不管……，还是……)；疑问词+ever与no matter +疑问词（不管……，无论……）。
如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
Whatever (= No matter what )you said, he won’t believe you.
Whoever you are (= No matter who you are), you must obey the rules.
注：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever等还可以引导名词性从句。
六、状语从句中的紧缩现象
1.时间状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：
Don’t speak until spoken to有人对你说话时你才说。
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦被看见，它便不会被忘记。
While in Beijing, Ipaid a visit to the Summer Place.在北京时，我参观了颐和园。
Pressure can be reduced when needed.必要时压力非唯心减。
Iprefer my milk a little sweet whenever possible.
可能的话，我喜欢牛奶甜点。
He was a swimmer when a child.他小时侯就是一名游泳运动员。
She always sings while doing her work.她干活时总唱歌。
2.条件状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：
Come tomorrow if possible.可能的话就明天来吧。
If so, you must get back and get it.如果这样的话，你必需把它拿来。
I’ll buy a TV set if necessary.如有必要我们就买一台电视机。
He has no money, if any, he will give us.他没有钱，如果有他会给我们的。
If in need, don’t hesitate to ask me for money. 如要钱，不必犹豫，向我要就是了。
The girl never give in unless wrong.这女孩不会屈服的，除非她错了。
Unless repaired, the machine is of no use.这台机器如不修便毫无用处。
3.方式状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：
Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order) to sleep.有些花夜间收拢，好象为了睡眠一样。
The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though (she was ) angry.这位女教师匆匆茫茫离开教室，好象生气了。
Jane seemed as if (she was) good at everything.琼好象擅长一切。
4.其它状语从句的紧缩形式：
Though cold, he still wore a shirt.天气虽然冷，但他还穿一件衬衣。
The man, while (he is ) well over eighty. Can walk faster than I.这人虽然年过八十，却比我走得快。
Being blind(= As he was blind), he couldn’t see anything.他瞎了，什么东西也看不见。
Fill in the blank with articles where necessary. 在需要的地方填上冠词。
总之，只要我们具备全面的状语从句知识，掌握每个从属连词的语义和语用特征，正确分析具有一定逻辑关系的分句之间的“逻辑链”，我们就能完全掌握各种形式的状语从句的用法。